Apis mellifera as a Model Species to Evaluate Toxicological Effects of Fungicides Used in Vineyard Agroecosystems.

IF 6.8 Q1 TOXICOLOGY
Tommaso Campani, Ginevra Manieri, Ilaria Caliani, Agata Di Noi, Silvia Casini
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Agroecosystems provide habitats, food, and water for many pollinators and insects, but they are also heavily exposed to threats from the widespread use of pesticides and fertilizers. Managed honeybees and wild bees encounter pesticides in vineyards by collecting morning dew from vine leaves and accessing sugars from grapes, particularly during dry periods. This study assessed the toxicological effects of the commercial fungicide formulations Fantic FNCWG® and Ramedit combi®, both individually and in combination, on honeybees. Using a multi-biomarker approach, we evaluated neurotoxicity, metabolic disturbances, phase II detoxification processes, and immune system function. Our findings revealed that commercial fungicide mixtures with multiple active ingredients affect bees differently than single active compounds. Biomarker responses highlighted how these complex mixtures disrupt various enzymatic pathways; including immune function; altering critical enzyme kinetics involved in detoxification and potentially impairing essential bee functions. This study emphasizes the need for more comprehensive research into the sublethal effects of commercial pesticides, particularly those used in vineyards, which are understudied compared to pesticides used in orchards.

以蜜蜂为模型物种评价葡萄园农业生态系统杀菌剂的毒理学效应。
农业生态系统为许多传粉媒介和昆虫提供栖息地、食物和水,但它们也严重受到农药和化肥广泛使用的威胁。被管理的蜜蜂和野生蜜蜂在葡萄园中遇到杀虫剂,它们从葡萄藤叶子上收集晨露,从葡萄中获取糖分,尤其是在干旱时期。本研究评估了商业杀菌剂配方Fantic FNCWG®和Ramedit combi®对蜜蜂的毒理学影响,无论是单独的还是联合的。采用多生物标志物方法,我们评估了神经毒性、代谢紊乱、II期解毒过程和免疫系统功能。我们的研究结果表明,含有多种活性成分的商业杀菌剂混合物对蜜蜂的影响不同于单一活性化合物。生物标志物反应强调了这些复杂的混合物如何破坏各种酶的途径;包括免疫功能;改变关键酶动力学参与解毒和潜在损害基本蜜蜂功能。这项研究强调,有必要对商业农药的亚致死效应进行更全面的研究,特别是葡萄园中使用的农药,与果园中使用的农药相比,这些农药的研究不足。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
1.70%
发文量
21
审稿时长
10 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Xenobiotics publishes original studies concerning the beneficial (pharmacology) and detrimental effects (toxicology) of xenobiotics in all organisms. A xenobiotic (“stranger to life”) is defined as a chemical that is not usually found at significant concentrations or expected to reside for long periods in organisms. In addition to man-made chemicals, natural products could also be of interest if they have potent biological properties, special medicinal properties or that a given organism is at risk of exposure in the environment. Topics dealing with abiotic- and biotic-based transformations in various media (xenobiochemistry) and environmental toxicology are also of interest. Areas of interests include the identification of key physical and chemical properties of molecules that predict biological effects and persistence in the environment; the molecular mode of action of xenobiotics; biochemical and physiological interactions leading to change in organism health; pathophysiological interactions of natural and synthetic chemicals; development of biochemical indicators including new “-omics” approaches to identify biomarkers of exposure or effects for xenobiotics.
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