{"title":"Intricate phytohormonal orchestration mediates mycorrhizal symbiosis and stress tolerance.","authors":"Kaushiki N Kandalgaonkar, Vitthal T Barvkar","doi":"10.1007/s00572-025-01189-5","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an essential symbiotic partner colonizing more than 70% of land plants. In exchange for carbon sources, mycorrhizal association ameliorates plants' growth and yield and enhances stress tolerance and/or resistance. To achieve this symbiosis, plants mediate a series of biomolecular changes, including the regulation of phytohormones. This review focuses on the role of each phytohormone in establishing symbiosis. It encases phytohormone modulation, exogenous application of the hormones, and mutant studies. The review also comments on the plausible phytohormone cross-talk essential for maintaining balanced mycorrhization and preventing fungal parasitism. Finally, we briefly discuss AMF-mediated stress regulation and contribution of phytohormone modulation in plants. We must examine their interplay to understand how phytohormones act species-specific or concentration-dependent manner. The review summarizes the gaps in these studies to improve our understanding of processes underlying plant-AMF symbiosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18965,"journal":{"name":"Mycorrhiza","volume":"35 2","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Mycorrhiza","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-025-01189-5","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MYCOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an essential symbiotic partner colonizing more than 70% of land plants. In exchange for carbon sources, mycorrhizal association ameliorates plants' growth and yield and enhances stress tolerance and/or resistance. To achieve this symbiosis, plants mediate a series of biomolecular changes, including the regulation of phytohormones. This review focuses on the role of each phytohormone in establishing symbiosis. It encases phytohormone modulation, exogenous application of the hormones, and mutant studies. The review also comments on the plausible phytohormone cross-talk essential for maintaining balanced mycorrhization and preventing fungal parasitism. Finally, we briefly discuss AMF-mediated stress regulation and contribution of phytohormone modulation in plants. We must examine their interplay to understand how phytohormones act species-specific or concentration-dependent manner. The review summarizes the gaps in these studies to improve our understanding of processes underlying plant-AMF symbiosis.
期刊介绍：
Mycorrhiza is an international journal devoted to research into mycorrhizas - the widest symbioses in nature, involving plants and a range of soil fungi world-wide. The scope of Mycorrhiza covers all aspects of research into mycorrhizas, including molecular biology of the plants and fungi, fungal systematics, development and structure of mycorrhizas, and effects on plant physiology, productivity, reproduction and disease resistance. The scope also includes interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and other soil organisms and effects of mycorrhizas on plant biodiversity and ecosystem structure.
Mycorrhiza contains original papers, short notes and review articles, along with commentaries and news items. It forms a platform for new concepts and discussions, and is a basis for a truly international forum of mycorrhizologists from all over the world.
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