Paroxysmal, Persistent, and Permanent Type-1 Brugada Pattern: Does Burden Matter?

Abstract

Spontaneous type-1 Brugada patterns are associated with an elevated risk of major arrhythmic events, yet the relationship between varying degrees of pattern burden and the occurrence of a first major arrhythmic event remains unclear. This retrospective cohort study included 64 adult patients with a spontaneous type-1 Brugada pattern, who were identified at Mayo Clinic sites and followed for ≥12 months after the initial diagnosis. All patients underwent at least three 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) within the first year. Individuals with prior major arrhythmic events were excluded. The percentage of ECGs showing a type-1 pattern was calculated and categorized as paroxysmal (<50%), persistent (50-99%), or permanent (100%). During a median follow-up of 92 months, seven patients (11%) experienced their first major arrhythmic event. Of these, one had paroxysmal, four had persistent, and two had permanent spontaneous type-1 Brugada patterns. Although statistical significance was not reached, the hazard ratios suggested a trend toward increased risk with persistent and permanent patterns compared to paroxysmal patterns. No sudden cardiac deaths occurred during follow-up. These findings suggest that a higher burden of spontaneous type-1 Brugada patterns may be associated with increased arrhythmic risk.