[Worsening heart failure: definition, management and treatment].

IF 0.7 Q4 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS
Maria Vittoria Matassini, Paolo Manca, Raul Limonta, Marco Marini, Francesco Orso, Samuela Carigi, Concetta Di Nora, Luisa De Gennaro, Maria Denitza Tinti, Matteo Bianco, Vittoria Rizzello, Vittorio Palmieri, Renata De Maria, Attilio Iacovoni, Furio Colivicchi, Massimo Grimaldi, Fabrizio Oliva, Mauro Gori
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality, characterized by periods of relative clinical stability and exacerbations of HF, known as worsening heart failure (WHF). WHF is currently defined as a deterioration of HF signs and symptoms, necessitating an intensification of medical therapy, often identified by an increase in diuretic therapy. Episodes of WHF, whether they result in patient hospitalization or outpatient management, suggest clinical progression of HF with significant worsening of the prognosis. Although the prognostic impact of WHF is well documented in the literature, its current definition has limitations, and its management remains suboptimal and non-standardized, particularly in outpatient settings. Additionally, early detection of WHF episodes, preventing possible patient hospitalization, is crucial for improving prognosis and is still underemphasized in major HF clinical trials. This review aims to report the prevalence of WHF and the limitations of its current definition, and to provide suggestions for the appropriate management of WHF episodes, with a special focus on early and outpatient recognition.

加重心力衰竭:定义、管理和治疗。
心衰(HF)是一种高发病率和死亡率的临床综合征,其特点是心衰的临床相对稳定和加重期,称为心衰加重期(WHF)。WHF目前被定义为心衰体征和症状的恶化,需要加强药物治疗,通常通过增加利尿剂治疗来识别。WHF的发作,无论是导致患者住院还是门诊治疗,都表明HF的临床进展与预后的显著恶化。虽然WHF对预后的影响在文献中有很好的记载,但其目前的定义有局限性,其管理仍然是次优和非标准化的,特别是在门诊环境中。此外,早期发现WHF发作,预防可能的患者住院,对于改善预后至关重要,但在主要的HF临床试验中仍未得到重视。本综述旨在报告WHF的患病率及其当前定义的局限性,并为WHF发作的适当管理提供建议,特别关注早期和门诊识别。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Giornale italiano di cardiologia
Giornale italiano di cardiologia CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS-
CiteScore
1.10
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