Nutritional Support in the Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers in Healthy Aging: A Systematic Review of Nursing Interventions in Community Care.

Abstract

Introduction: Pressure ulcers (PUs) represent a significant challenge in chronic care, particularly among the elderly with reduced mobility. They result in substantial socio-healthcare costs and negatively impact patients' psychological well-being. Malnutrition is a key risk factor, hindering healing and increasing the risk of complications. As such, appropriate nutritional interventions are crucial for managing PUs. However, these interventions are often underestimated in clinical practice, underscoring the need for a more comprehensive approach to elder care and healthy aging. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to identify the best scientific evidence on nutritional interventions implemented by nurses in community settings to prevent complications related to PUs. Additionally, qualitative and quantitative outcomes reported in the included studies were analyzed. Method: This systematic review was conducted following PRISMA international guidelines. Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and CINAHL databases. A predefined search strategy using Boolean operators was employed, and two researchers independently selected papers, with a third researcher resolving any discrepancies. Additional sources and manual reviews were conducted to minimize selection bias. Results: Out of 1003 records, 6 studies were included. Findings indicate that nurses play a fundamental role in managing PUs in community settings through specific nutritional intervention assistance processes. These healthcare professionals are pivotal in the prevention, care, and rehabilitation of vulnerable individuals with PUs. Conclusions: Nurses are strategic in the management of PUs within community care for frail populations. With nutritional support that plays a key role in both preventing and accelerating the healing of PUs. Policymakers are encouraged to invest in nursing roles to enhance assistance in community contexts, supporting healthy aging and lifestyle medicine approaches.