Economic burden of cardiovascular disease in the United Kingdom.

IF 4.6 2区 医学 Q1 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS
Kingsley Shih, Naomi Herz, Aziz Sheikh, Ciaran O'Neill, Paul Carter, Michael Anderson
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background and aims: Direct (medical and non-medical) and indirect (production losses and informal care) costs of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been captured in two previous United Kingdom (UK) cost-of-illness studies, but the areas of long-term care and medical device costs were neglected. We aimed to quantify the economic burden of CVD in the UK from a societal perspective between the fiscal years 2019/20 and 2021/22.

Methods and results: Mixed-methods study in a prevalence-based retrospective review of economic costs focused on the public sector. Top-down costing was applied to the following areas: inpatient hospital care, outpatient specialist care, emergency care, primary care, medications, medical devices, long-term care, production losses to morbidity, and production losses to mortality. Bottom-up costing was used by applying the marginal effects of having a CVD on several parameters using survey data from the Survey on Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe to estimate informal care costs. The modelling performed shows that the total costs of CVD in the UK in 2021/22 were £29.021 billion (bn), with direct costs of £16.620 bn and indirect costs of £12.402 bn. The breakdown of direct costs for the UK were inpatient care (£6.732 bn), long-term care (£4.649 bn), medications (£1.940 bn), primary care (£1.556 bn), outpatient care (£1.011 bn), emergency care [£327.6 million (mn)], and medical devices (£404.4 mn). The breakdown of indirect costs for the UK were informal care costs (£6.377 bn), production losses to mortality (£4.544 bn), and production losses to morbidity (£1.481 bn).

Conclusion: There is a significant economic burden of CVD in the UK, with the highest direct cost resulting from inpatient care and the highest indirect cost resulting from informal care.

英国心血管疾病的经济负担(UK)。
背景和目的:在前两次联合王国疾病成本研究中,已经捕获了心血管疾病(CVD)的直接(医疗和非医疗)和间接(生产损失和非正式护理)成本,但长期护理和医疗设备成本领域被忽视了。我们旨在从2019/20至2021/22财政年度的社会角度量化英国心血管疾病的经济负担。方法:以公共部门为重点,以流行病学为基础,对经济成本进行回顾性评价,采用混合方法进行研究。自上而下的成本计算适用于以下领域:住院病人护理、门诊专科护理、急诊护理、初级保健、药品、医疗设备、长期护理、生产损失导致发病率和生产损失导致死亡率。采用自下而上的成本计算方法,利用来自欧洲健康、老龄化和退休调查的调查数据,将患有心血管疾病的边际效应应用于几个参数,以估计非正式护理成本。结果:建模显示,2021/22年英国心血管疾病的总成本为290.21亿英镑,其中直接成本为166.2亿英镑,间接成本为124.02亿英镑。英国的直接成本细分为住院护理(67.32亿英镑)、长期护理(46.49亿英镑)、药物(19.40亿英镑)、初级保健(15.56亿英镑)、门诊护理(10.11亿英镑)、紧急护理(3.276亿英镑)和医疗设备(4.044亿英镑)。英国的间接成本细分为非正式护理成本(63.77亿英镑)、死亡生产损失(45.44亿英镑)和发病率生产损失(14.81亿英镑)。结论:心血管疾病在英国造成了巨大的经济负担,住院治疗造成的直接成本最高,非正式治疗造成的间接成本最高。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.40
自引率
3.80%
发文量
76
期刊介绍: European Heart Journal - Quality of Care & Clinical Outcomes is an English language, peer-reviewed journal dedicated to publishing cardiovascular outcomes research. It serves as an official journal of the European Society of Cardiology and maintains a close alliance with the European Heart Health Institute. The journal disseminates original research and topical reviews contributed by health scientists globally, with a focus on the quality of care and its impact on cardiovascular outcomes at the hospital, national, and international levels. It provides a platform for presenting the most outstanding cardiovascular outcomes research to influence cardiovascular public health policy on a global scale. Additionally, the journal aims to motivate young investigators and foster the growth of the outcomes research community.
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