Hydrogenated Cardanol-Based Azo and Xanthene Dyes for Petroleum Authentication.

IF 3.5 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Chemistry - An Asian Journal Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI:10.1002/asia.202401947

Suthikorn Jantra, Pimjai Rattanamunee, Paitoon Rashatasakhon, Mongkol Sukwattanasinitt, Sumrit Wacharasindhu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Conventional petroleum markers used to prevent fuel smuggling and unauthorized mixing often involve complex dye synthesis and require inconvenient two-phase liquid-liquid extraction for detection. In this work, we developed two azo dyes (AzoHc, diAzoHc) and two xanthene dyes (FHc, RHc) based on hydrogenated cardanol (Hc). The dyes were synthesized in 50-70 % yields via one or two reaction steps. The hydrophobic Hc group significantly enhance the solubility of these dyes, enabling excellent compatibility with organic solvents and diesel fuel. These petroleum dye markers exhibit either colorimetric or fluorescent responses and remain miscible with diesel fuel upon treatment with appropriate bases or acids in common fuel-miscible organic solvents. This fuel miscibility allows simple one-phase detection without further extraction process. All dyes demonstrated high sensitivity, with detection limits as low as 0.02-0.68 ppm, and exhibited excellent stability in diesel fuel for at least one month without significant degradation.

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来源期刊

Chemistry - An Asian Journal 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

2.40%

发文量

535

审稿时长

1.3 months

期刊介绍： Chemistry—An Asian Journal is an international high-impact journal for chemistry in its broadest sense. The journal covers all aspects of chemistry from biochemistry through organic and inorganic chemistry to physical chemistry, including interdisciplinary topics. Chemistry—An Asian Journal publishes Full Papers, Communications, and Focus Reviews. A professional editorial team headed by Dr. Theresa Kueckmann and an Editorial Board (headed by Professor Susumu Kitagawa) ensure the highest quality of the peer-review process, the contents and the production of the journal. Chemistry—An Asian Journal is published on behalf of the Asian Chemical Editorial Society (ACES), an association of numerous Asian chemical societies, and supported by the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh, German Chemical Society), ChemPubSoc Europe, and the Federation of Asian Chemical Societies (FACS).