Ecotypic differences in drought-coping ability in an endemic California oak

IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Ecosphere Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI:10.1002/ecs2.70189
Sushmita Poudel, Erika S. Zavaleta, Blair C. McLaughlin
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Abstract

The frequency and severity of drought in the Western United States have significantly increased. California endemic blue oaks (Quercus douglasii) are predicted to be negatively impacted by extreme drought and are already experiencing dieback in the driest areas of their distribution. To explore whether there is drought-adaptive variation among blue oak populations, we conducted a greenhouse common garden drought experiment with seedlings from five sites along a range-wide precipitation gradient. We investigated seedling performance under experimental drought (fluorescence/maximum fluorescence [Fv/Fm], stomatal conductance, and leaf desiccation). We measured physiological and morphological traits, including average leaf area, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf margin morphology, C:N, and carbon isotope discrimination (δ13C, a proxy for water use efficiency). We used generalized linear mixed models to understand the relationship between seedling performance and traits, and the mean annual precipitation (MAP) of the seedling source site. We found significant relationships between source site MAP and Fv/Fm, percent of green leaves, and plant stomatal conductance, with plants from drier source sites performing better under the experimental drought. Seedlings from drier sites also had a lower C:N ratio, consistent with adaptation to more arid environments. Our study points to population-level variation in seedling drought adaptation. Climate-forward conservation strategies that conserve or leverage drought-adaptive genetic resources from the species' threatened dry range edge could support climate change resilience in a future drier environment.

Abstract Image

加州特有橡树抗旱能力的生态型差异
美国西部干旱的频率和严重程度显著增加。据预测,加州特有的蓝橡树(道格拉斯栎)将受到极端干旱的负面影响,在其分布的最干旱地区已经出现枯死现象。为了探究蓝橡树种群间是否存在干旱适应变异,我们在不同的降水梯度下对5个地点的蓝橡树幼苗进行了温室普通花园干旱试验。我们研究了干旱条件下幼苗的表现(荧光/最大荧光[Fv/Fm]、气孔导度和叶片干燥)。我们测量了生理和形态性状,包括平均叶面积、比叶面积(SLA)、叶缘形态、C:N和碳同位素辨别(δ13C,水分利用效率的代表)。采用广义线性混合模型,研究了苗木生长性能和性状与苗木产地年平均降水量的关系。研究发现,源地MAP与Fv/Fm、叶片绿率和植物气孔导度之间存在显著的相关关系,且源地较干燥的植物在干旱条件下表现较好。来自干旱地区的幼苗碳氮比也较低,与对更干旱环境的适应一致。我们的研究指向幼苗干旱适应的种群水平差异。保护或利用来自物种受威胁的干旱地区边缘的适应干旱的遗传资源的气候前瞻性保护策略可以在未来更干燥的环境中支持气候变化的适应能力。
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来源期刊
Ecosphere
Ecosphere ECOLOGY-
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
3.70%
发文量
378
审稿时长
15 weeks
期刊介绍: The scope of Ecosphere is as broad as the science of ecology itself. The journal welcomes submissions from all sub-disciplines of ecological science, as well as interdisciplinary studies relating to ecology. The journal''s goal is to provide a rapid-publication, online-only, open-access alternative to ESA''s other journals, while maintaining the rigorous standards of peer review for which ESA publications are renowned.
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