Novel bio-carriers for radionuclide delivery in cancer radiotherapy

Abstract

Internal radionuclide therapy (IRT) is a crucial component of cancer radiotherapy, focusing on delivering radionuclides to the tumor site via an optimal carrier and using high-energy radiation (including α particles, β particles, γ rays, and Auger electrons) to kill tumor cells. To further enhance the efficacy and safety of IRT, developing new bio-carriers to optimize the stable and efficient labelling, targeting delivery efficiency, biosafety, and multi-functionality of radionuclides has become a current research focus. In this review, we first briefly revisit the commonly used radionuclide delivery carriers in clinical practice, including antibodies, peptides, microspheres, and discuss their associated challenges. Subsequently, we focus on the development and research progress of novel bio-carriers, analyzing their roles and mechanisms in optimizing radionuclide labelling, delivery, and enhancing the efficacy of IRT. Finally, the review provides insights into the existing challenges faced in the field and suggests potential future research directions. Our work aims to advance the use of radionuclides in cancer radiotherapy with innovative bio-carriers, offering theoretical support and a vision for developing highly multifunctional and clinically useful bio-carriers.