Quantification of methane emissions from typical natural gas stations using on-site measurement technology

IF 4.8 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS
Wenlong Jia , Pingyang Jia , Li Gu , Lei Ren , Yang Zhang , Honghuan Chen , Xia Wu , Wei Feng , Jiujiang Cai
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Abstract

Natural gas transmission systems are the main source of methane emissions in the oil and gas industry. Methane, as the second most potent greenhouse gas, makes a strong contribution to climate change. The hydrogen flame ionization detector and Hi-Flow sampler (a large flow methane detector) technologies were used to measure fugitive methane emissions in five distinct categories of stations in natural gas transmission pipelines in China. The methane emission rate of different components was quantified, enabling a comparison of methane emission characteristics across different stations. The resulting data was used to deduce a correlation equation between the methane concentration and the emission rate of various components. The leakage probability of components in the surveyed stations ranged from 2.54% to 7.77%. Notably, the leakage probability of liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals was considerably higher than that of the other stations. A one-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in methane emission rates between components with different processes. The bootstrap method was used to calculate the mean methane emission rates and 95% confidence intervals for each component. The mean methane emission rates and 95% confidence intervals for valves, flanges, connectors and open-ended lines were 26.43 (15.86, 38.56), 35.84 (23.36, 50.19), 4.90 (3.43, 6.73), and 30.76 (18.62, 44.19) kg/a, respectively. In conclusion, the total fugitive methane emissions detected at the LNG terminal and underground gas storage were 5,202.1 and 1,891 kg/a, respectively. There were no significant differences in the emissions of the compressor, distribution, and meter stations on the natural gas transmission trunk pipe, with values between 1,000 and 1,200 kg/a. The bootstrap method, in conjunction with the Monte Carlo method, was used to estimate the fugitive methane emissions in the compressor area of another natural gas compressor station. The estimated result was 1,853.58 kg/a, while the measured value was 1,418.55 kg/a, therefore exhibiting a slight discrepancy.
利用现场测量技术量化典型天然气站的甲烷排放量
天然气输送系统是油气行业甲烷排放的主要来源。甲烷作为第二大温室气体,对气候变化起着重要作用。采用氢火焰电离检测仪和大流量甲烷检测仪(Hi-Flow sampler,一种大流量甲烷检测仪)技术,对中国天然气输送管道中5类不同站点的逸散性甲烷排放进行了测量。对不同组分的甲烷排放速率进行了量化,比较了不同台站的甲烷排放特征。利用所得数据推导出甲烷浓度与各组分排放率之间的相关方程。测站元件泄漏概率为2.54% ~ 7.77%。值得注意的是,液化天然气(LNG)终端的泄漏概率明显高于其他站点。单因素方差分析显示,不同工艺组分间甲烷排放速率存在显著差异。采用自举法计算各组分的平均甲烷排放率和95%置信区间。阀门、法兰、连接件和开放式管线的平均甲烷排放率和95%置信区间分别为26.43(15.86、38.56)、35.84(23.36、50.19)、4.90(3.43、6.73)和30.76(18.62、44.19)kg/a。综上所述,LNG终端和地下储气库检测到的逸散性甲烷排放总量分别为5202.1 kg/a和1891 kg/a。天然气输送干管上的压缩机、配气站和计量站的排放量差异不显著,均在1000 ~ 1200 kg/a之间。结合自举法和蒙特卡罗法,对另一天然气压缩站压缩区无组织甲烷排放量进行了估算。估算结果为1,853.58 kg/a,实测值为1,418.55 kg/a,两者差异较小。
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