Green Solid-State Potentiometric Platform for Vonoprazan Fumarate Determination in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Spiked Human Plasma

Abstract

Vonoprazan fumarate (VPZ), a potent potassium-competitive acid blocker, has gained prominence recently for its efficacy in acid-related disorders, surpassing traditional proton pump inhibitors in acid suppression. Combining molecular modeling simulations with electrochemical sensors represents a cutting-edge approach in analytical chemistry. Molecular docking guided the selection of calix[8]arene as the optimal ionophore due to its superior affinity for VPZ, supported by robust docking scores and hydrophobic interactions. The final sensor configuration, incorporating calix[8]arene, sodium tetraphenylborate, and dioctyl phthalate, exhibited outstanding electroanalytical characteristics, including improved slope, enhanced potential stability, and rapid response times. Notably, the developed solid-contact sensors demonstrated a Nernstian response with a slope of 58.587 over a concentration range of 1 × 10⁻⁸–1 × 10⁻² M, achieving an impressive low detection limit of 3.09 × 10⁻⁹ M. The developed method offers a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable solution for precise monitoring of VPZ, promising significant advancements in pharmaceutical quality control.