Pricing decision in the power battery supply chain under BaaS business model considering carbon quota trading and government subsidies

Abstract

This study utilized the Battery as a Service (BaaS) framework to construct pricing decision models for battery manufacturers under carbon quota trading, government subsidies, and a hybrid policy. Optimal strategies for supply chain entities were determined through comparative analysis, assessing the impact of carbon trading prices, incentives for battery recycling, and gradient utilization efficiency on pricing and profitability. Results show that government subsidies to battery manufacturers under carbon quota trading increased vehicle body prices, hindering the reduction of new energy vehicle purchase costs for consumers. The introduction of carbon quota trading under government subsidies significantly enhanced the subsidy's profitability impact on the supply chain. The effects of carbon trading prices and subsidies on supply chain profits are uncertain, yet gradient utilization benefits overall supply chain profit.