Novel methodological approaches to support four recognized challenges in integrative medicine mixed methods research design

Abstract

Objectives

There are many challenges to undertaking mixed methods research (MMR) in integrative medicine (IM). Four that are recognized are: how to improve 1) planning; 2) evidence scope; 3) individual insight; and 4) data integration. Six methodological approaches conceived by the author to support these challenges in certain designs are shared for consideration.

Design

This commentary shares six novel methodological approaches that may facilitate diverse challenges in IM MMR. A “How to use” section is included for each approach.

Methods

Following a brief introduction to IM MMR, four challenges are highlighted and six novel methodological approaches that may mitigate them are presented: 1. The Feasibility, Reach-out, Acceptability, Maintenance, Efficacy, Implementation, Tailorability (FRAME-IT) framework; 2. The Biological, Psychological, Social, Environmental, Behavioural (BPSE-B) framework; 3. Post Intervention Perceived Impact Measures (PIPIMs); 4. Positive Autoethnography (PosAE) 5. Differential Qualitative Analysis (DQA); 6. The STAIR* (Sample sizes, Traceability, Article numbers, Intervention numbers, References*) checklist.

Results

Each approach responds to different IM MMR challenges. 1. FRAME-IT is conceived to plan early-stage interventions. 2. BPSE-B supports a wide-ranging evidence scope. 3. PIPIMs support individual insight and are designed to bridge the quantitative-qualitative divide. 4. Positive Autooethnography supports individual insight in the form of personal experiences; 5. DQA is a qualitative methodology that encourages the integration of quantitative results. 6. STAIR* encourages the integration of quantitative reporting in intervention reviews.

Conclusions

Six novel approaches are proposed to support IM MMR planning; evidence scope; individual insight; and data integration. Theoretical implications and practical usage of each are elucidated.