Sauna bath reduces blood pressure in healthy adult volunteers: A meta-analysis of RCTs and quasi-experimental studies

IF 1.7 Q2 Medicine

Advances in integrative medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI:10.1016/j.aimed.2024.09.009

Kanimozhi K.K , Poornima Ravi , Venugopal Vijayakumar , Maheshkumar Kuppusamy

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Modifiable risk factors cause over 70 % of cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Sauna bath is an effective treatment for patients with hypertension which is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature death. Objective of the current review is to evaluate the current evidences available on the effect of sauna bath and blood pressure on normotensive individuals.

Method

Electronic databases (such as PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) were searched since inception until January 2021. Studies investigating the effect of sauna bath on blood pressure in healthy volunteers were included. Primary outcome measures were changes in systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood (DBP) pressure after sauna bath. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95 % CIs were calculated using a random-effects model.

Result

We included six studies conducted among 76 normotensive participants (average age of 29 – 33 years) with the duration of 10 mins to 1 hour and a follow up of 7 days to 3 months. Among the included studies, the pooled effect of SBP changes does not favour sauna bathing (SMD: 0.23, 95 % CI: −0.96 to 1.43, I²:83 %, p<0.01) whereas DBP changes showed a positive effect of sauna bath among the healthy volunteers with considerable heterogeneity (SMD: −1.01, 95 % CI: --2.75 to 0.73, I²:83 %, p<0.01). Subgroup analysis on duration and frequency of bathing also revealed the same findings.

Conclusion

Sauna bath, could be considered as a promising tool for primary prevention of hypertension and related cardiovascular ailments and thus achieving the global target of non-communicable disease.

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来源期刊

Advances in integrative medicine INTEGRATIVE & COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE-

CiteScore

3.20

自引率

11.80%

发文量

审稿时长

15 weeks

期刊介绍： Advances in Integrative Medicine (AIMED) is an international peer-reviewed, evidence-based research and review journal that is multi-disciplinary within the fields of Integrative and Complementary Medicine. The journal focuses on rigorous quantitative and qualitative research including systematic reviews, clinical trials and surveys, whilst also welcoming medical hypotheses and clinically-relevant articles and case studies disclosing practical learning tools for the consulting practitioner. By promoting research and practice excellence in the field, and cross collaboration between relevant practitioner groups and associations, the journal aims to advance the practice of IM, identify areas for future research, and improve patient health outcomes. International networking is encouraged through clinical innovation, the establishment of best practice and by providing opportunities for cooperation between organisations and communities.