Thyroid function and its association with vitamin deficiencies: a case-control study in Duhok.

IF 2.7 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI:10.1080/17446651.2025.2469686

Larsa Naji Adam, Awat Mustafa Abbas

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Abstract

Background: Hypothyroidism, characterized by insufficient thyroid hormone production, is a common endocrine disorder with significant health implications. Recent studies suggest that micronutrient deficiencies, particularly in vitamin D, vitamin B12, and ferritin, may contribute to thyroid dysfunction. This study aims to explore the relationship between hypothyroidism and these micronutrient deficiencies in a clinical setting.

Research design and methods: A case-control study was conducted between September and December 2024 at Public Central Health Lab., Duhok Azadi teaching Hospital, Iraq. A total of 885 participants were included, with 170 hypothyroid patients and 715 healthy controls. Serum levels of TSH, T3, T4, vitamin D, vitamin B12, and ferritin were measured. Multivariable regression analysis was used to examine the associations between thyroid function and micronutrient status.

Results: Hypothyroid patients had significantly higher TSH (9.4 ± 11.5 vs. 1.8 ± 0.8 mIU/L, p < 0.0001) and lower T4 (116.1 ± 28.6 vs. 129.2 ± 27.4 nmol/L, p < 0.0001) compared to controls. Vitamin B12 and ferritin levels were also lower in the hypothyroid group (p < 0.0001), while vitamin D showed no significant difference (p = 0.0524).

Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is associated with vitamin B12 and ferritin deficiencies, highlighting the importance of micronutrient in thyroid dysfunction management. Future studies should explore autoantibodies.

Clinical trial registration: http://duhokhealth.org/en/identifier/is/25092024-8-11.

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Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM-

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4.80

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0.00%

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期刊介绍： Implicated in a plethora of regulatory dysfunctions involving growth and development, metabolism, electrolyte balances and reproduction, endocrine disruption is one of the highest priority research topics in the world. As a result, we are now in a position to better detect, characterize and overcome the damage mediated by adverse interaction with the endocrine system. Expert Review of Endocrinology and Metabolism (ISSN 1744-6651), provides extensive coverage of state-of-the-art research and clinical advancements in the field of endocrine control and metabolism, with a focus on screening, prevention, diagnostics, existing and novel therapeutics, as well as related molecular genetics, pathophysiology and epidemiology.