Dynamic approaches to ecological restoration in China's mining regions: A scientific review

Abstract

Over the past few decades, China has encountered a pronounced escalation in mining operations, precipitating many environmental and ecological complexities. These challenges have catalyzed endeavors aimed at the rehabilitation of mining sites. Despite the nation's rapid industrial advancement, environmental deterioration, characterized by soil erosion, land subsidence, and water contamination, remains pervasive. Restoration endeavors in mining regions are aimed at mitigating environmental harm, restoring landscapes, and fostering sustainable land usage. In this review, we investigate the multifaceted strategies employed by China to mitigate environmental damage, restore landscapes, and foster sustainable land utilization in mining regions. Government policies, regulations, and incentive programs underscore a commitment to international environmental objectives through restoration initiatives. The discussion encompasses afforestation, wetland restoration, and water treatment techniques employed in China, which have led to ecosystem revitalization, improved air and water quality, and socio-economic benefits for communities. Nonetheless, restoring mining areas in China presents complex challenges, stemming from the scale of restoration required and various socio-economic factors. Continued investment, collaboration, and perseverance are essential for the success of these restoration endeavors. China's initiatives in the restoration of mining areas underscore its dedication to environmental sustainability, shedding light on the complex nature of such endeavors. Consequently, we stress the significance of embracing responsible mining practices and highlight the global relevance of China's experiences in land reclamation and ecological rehabilitation.