Inconel 625/NiCrWMo functionally graded materials manufactured by direct laser deposition

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI:10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114862

André A. Ferreira , Ana R. Reis , João P. Sousa , João M. Cruz , Manuel F. Vieira

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The production of functional gradient materials (FGM) is an option for the various industrial sectors and a solution for many engineering applications. FGM's are a class of materials that can also be characterised as metal composites that gradually change composition and structure. In this study, the production of FGM's on 42CrMo4 structural steel substrate, varying the composition from 100 % Inconel 625 to 100 % NiCrWMo alloy, was successfully fabricated using the Direct Laser Deposition technique. The substrate was pre-heated to decrease the cooling rate and the formation of metastable phases of the heat-affected zone, and for comparison purposes, deposition was performed on the substrate without pre-heating. A mixture of Inconel 625 and NiCrWMo-type nickel superalloy powders was used to produce functionally graded structures. Microstructural characterisation and phase identification were performed by scanning electron microscopy, chemical analyses by energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. Microhardness mapping performed on the FGMs allowed the hardness profile along the gradient to be evaluated and correlated with the chemical analyses to be performed. The metallurgical, chemical, and mechanical characterisations and the correlation with process parameters are determined and discussed throughout this investigation. This research shows an innovative FGM, which has not yet been produced, allowing this research to evaluate the characteristics of each powder's mixture composition. It was also possible to observe the effect of alloying elements on the microstructure and hardness of the graded materials.

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来源期刊

Materials Characterization 工程技术-材料科学：表征与测试

CiteScore

7.60

自引率

8.50%

发文量

746

审稿时长

36 days

期刊介绍： Materials Characterization features original articles and state-of-the-art reviews on theoretical and practical aspects of the structure and behaviour of materials. The Journal focuses on all characterization techniques, including all forms of microscopy (light, electron, acoustic, etc.,) and analysis (especially microanalysis and surface analytical techniques). Developments in both this wide range of techniques and their application to the quantification of the microstructure of materials are essential facets of the Journal. The Journal provides the Materials Scientist/Engineer with up-to-date information on many types of materials with an underlying theme of explaining the behavior of materials using novel approaches. Materials covered by the journal include: Metals & Alloys Ceramics Nanomaterials Biomedical materials Optical materials Composites Natural Materials.