Optimizing battery energy storage and solar photovoltaic systems for lower-to-middle-income schools amidst load-shedding

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy for Sustainable Development Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI:10.1016/j.esd.2025.101675

T. Michael-Ahile , J.A. Samuels , M.J. Booysen

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Abstract

Energy reliability and cost efficiency are critical challenges for lower-to-middle-income schools in developing regions, where frequent power outages hinder academic activities and strain finances. This study presents a robust methodology to determine the optimal size of the photovoltaic (PV) system coupled with battery storage, under two distinct demand scenarios: “stable” and“intermittent”. The stable scenario assumes consistent year-round demand, while the intermittent scenario models 50% demand during load-shedding periods.

A proposed Unified Rule-Based (URB) scheduling approach was evaluated across different electricity pricing schemes. Optimal PV sizes managed with the URB strategy achieved up to 22% lifetime savings, reduced total energy demand by 47%, and peak-hour demand by 63%, while supporting 98% of the load-shedding requirements. This approach offers a scalable and practical solution for improving energy reliability, reducing costs, and enhancing environmental sustainability in low-income educational institutions. The findings underscore the effectiveness of the URB strategy and provide actionable insights for future policy implementations and the advancement of climate-neutrality targets.

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优化中低收入学校的电池储能和太阳能光伏系统

能源可靠性和成本效率是发展中地区中低收入学校面临的关键挑战，在这些地区，频繁的停电阻碍了学术活动，并使资金紧张。本研究提出了一种强大的方法来确定光伏（PV）系统与电池存储相结合的最佳尺寸，在两种不同的需求情景下：“稳定”和“间歇性”。稳定情景假定全年需求一致，而间歇情景假定在减载期间需求为50%。在不同的电价方案下，对一种基于统一规则的调度方法进行了评价。采用URB策略管理的最佳PV尺寸实现了高达22%的寿命节约，减少了47%的总能源需求，高峰时段需求减少了63%，同时支持98%的减载需求。这种方法为提高低收入教育机构的能源可靠性、降低成本和增强环境可持续性提供了一种可扩展和实用的解决方案。研究结果强调了城市城市战略的有效性，并为未来的政策实施和气候中和目标的推进提供了可操作的见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Energy for Sustainable Development ENERGY & FUELS-ENERGY & FUELS

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

9.10%

发文量

187

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Published on behalf of the International Energy Initiative, Energy for Sustainable Development is the journal for decision makers, managers, consultants, policy makers, planners and researchers in both government and non-government organizations. It publishes original research and reviews about energy in developing countries, sustainable development, energy resources, technologies, policies and interactions.