Dynamic interaction and evolution analysis of the resource-environment-economy-society complex system in China under the advancement of smart cities

Abstract

The development and interaction of resources, environment, economy, and society collectively determine the comprehensive development level of cities, while the advancement of smart cities exerts a profound influence on this complex system. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to illustrate the impact of smart city construction on this system and its interrelationship by utilizing a PVAR model based on panel data from Chinese cities spanning from 2011 to 2022. The study finds that the level of smart city development in China has steadily improved, but its spatial distribution remains uneven, exhibiting a trend of expansion from the eastern coastal regions to the central and western areas. Smart city construction can enhance environmental, economic, and social levels in the short term, though it initially exerts negative effects on resources. Environmental development positively impacts the economy, society, and resources, yet it initially hinders the progress of smart city construction. By clarifying the relationships between smart city development and the aforementioned interactive systems, this study contributes to promoting a shift toward greener, low-carbon smart city development, which is crucial for achieving sustainable development.