Evaluation of factors influencing full wave equation depth migration

Abstract

Seismic imaging techniques are essential to geophysical exploration and subsurface characterization, with full wave-equation depth migration (FWDM) emerging as a highly effective method for imaging complex geological structures. However, optimizing FWDM requires a deep understanding of the factors influencing its performance to achieve accurate and detailed subsurface images. To address this need, this study presents a systematic approach to refining FWDM by first providing a comprehensive review of the extrapolation equations and imaging mechanisms that form its foundation. We then introduce a series of numerical tests designed to identify and analyze key factors impacting imaging quality, including migration velocity, wave propagation effect, and numerical stability. Based on these findings, we optimize parameters and apply them to two challenging models, allowing us to assess the improvements in imaging clarity and accuracy. This research not only highlights critical factors affecting FWDM but also demonstrates how targeted optimizations can significantly enhance its effectiveness for advanced subsurface imaging applications.