The impact of full stroke versus legs only maximal effort swimming and different breathing pattern on respiratory muscle fatigue.

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q3 SPORT SCIENCES

Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-21 DOI:10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16496-7

Mitch Lomax, Anton Ušaj, Jernej Kapus

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: This study investigated the impact of different breathing patterns and stroke variations on inspiratory and expiratory muscle fatigue (IMF and EMF) in front crawl swimming.

Methods: Twelve club-level swimmers (3 females) performed four maximal effort 200-m front crawl swims in a random order: breathing every two strokes (B2), every four strokes (B4), ad libitum via a snorkel (S), and legs only with a kickboard (K).

Results: Postswim maximal inspiratory mouth pressure decreased in B2 (34±26%), B4 (41±23%), S (26±16%), and K (13±15%). The only significant difference in IMF was between B4 and K. Significant EMF was observed only in S (12±11%) and K (13±15%). IMF was greater than EMF in B2 and B4. Swim time was slower in K (217 (199-231) s) compared to B2 (139 (136-156) s), B4 (142 (138-155) s), and S (142 (138-155) s), but similar among B2, B4, and S. Postswim, pH and HCO3^- levels decreased, while blood lactate levels increased in all trials. Full stroke and legs-only front crawl swimming caused IMF, regardless of breathing restrictions. However, IMF was lower when breathing was unrestricted, and the upper body was immobilized compared to full stroke and highly restricted breathing. EMF was not observed when breathing was restricted and tended to be lower than IMF.

Conclusions: These findings suggest that the mechanisms of IMF and EMF differ during front crawl swimming.

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全划水与仅双腿最大用力游泳以及不同呼吸模式对呼吸肌疲劳的影响。

背景：本研究探讨了不同呼吸方式和泳姿变化对自由泳吸气和呼气肌疲劳（IMF和EMF）的影响。方法：12名俱乐部级游泳运动员（3名女性）按随机顺序进行4次最大努力200米爬泳，分别为2次（B2）、4次（B4）、自由呼吸(S)和单腿蹬水(K)。结果：游泳后最大吸气口压分别为B2（34±26%）、B4（41±23%）、S（26±16%）和K（13±15%）。只有B4和K的EMF有显著性差异，只有S（12±11%）和K（13±15%）有显著性差异。B2、B4时IMF大于EMF。与B2组（139 (136-156)s）、B4组（142 (138-155)s）和s组（142 (138-155)s）相比，K组（217 (199-231)s）的游泳时间较慢，但B2组、B4组和s组的游泳时间相似。游泳后，所有试验的pH和HCO3-水平下降，血乳酸水平升高。不顾呼吸限制，全泳和只靠腿的爬泳引起了IMF。而呼吸不受限制、上半身不活动时，IMF较全stroke和高度限制呼吸时低。呼吸受限时未观察到EMF，且往往低于IMF。结论：这些研究结果表明，在自由泳运动中，IMF和EMF的作用机制不同。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 医学-运动科学

CiteScore

2.90

自引率

5.90%

发文量

393

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness publishes scientific papers relating to the area of the applied physiology, preventive medicine, sports medicine and traumatology, sports psychology. Manuscripts may be submitted in the form of editorials, original articles, review articles, case reports, special articles, letters to the Editor and guidelines.