Advancements in single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics: transforming biomedical research.

IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Acta biochimica Polonica Pub Date : 2025-02-05 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.3389/abp.2025.13922
Getnet Molla Desta, Alemayehu Godana Birhanu
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

In recent years, significant advancements in biochemistry, materials science, engineering, and computer-aided testing have driven the development of high-throughput tools for profiling genetic information. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have established themselves as key tools for dissecting genetic sequences at the level of single cells. These technologies reveal cellular diversity and allow for the exploration of cell states and transformations with exceptional resolution. Unlike bulk sequencing, which provides population-averaged data, scRNA-seq can detect cell subtypes or gene expression variations that would otherwise be overlooked. However, a key limitation of scRNA-seq is its inability to preserve spatial information about the RNA transcriptome, as the process requires tissue dissociation and cell isolation. Spatial transcriptomics is a pivotal advancement in medical biotechnology, facilitating the identification of molecules such as RNA in their original spatial context within tissue sections at the single-cell level. This capability offers a substantial advantage over traditional single-cell sequencing techniques. Spatial transcriptomics offers valuable insights into a wide range of biomedical fields, including neurology, embryology, cancer research, immunology, and histology. This review highlights single-cell sequencing approaches, recent technological developments, associated challenges, various techniques for expression data analysis, and their applications in disciplines such as cancer research, microbiology, neuroscience, reproductive biology, and immunology. It highlights the critical role of single-cell sequencing tools in characterizing the dynamic nature of individual cells.

单细胞RNA测序和空间转录组学的进展:改变生物医学研究。
近年来,生物化学、材料科学、工程和计算机辅助测试方面的重大进展推动了高通量遗传信息分析工具的发展。单细胞RNA测序(scRNA-seq)技术已经成为在单细胞水平上解剖基因序列的关键工具。这些技术揭示了细胞的多样性,并允许以特殊的分辨率探索细胞状态和转化。与提供群体平均数据的批量测序不同,scRNA-seq可以检测细胞亚型或基因表达变异,否则会被忽视。然而,scRNA-seq的一个关键限制是它无法保存RNA转录组的空间信息,因为该过程需要组织解离和细胞分离。空间转录组学是医学生物技术的关键进步,有助于在单细胞水平上识别组织切片中RNA等分子的原始空间背景。这种能力比传统的单细胞测序技术提供了实质性的优势。空间转录组学为广泛的生物医学领域提供了有价值的见解,包括神经学、胚胎学、癌症研究、免疫学和组织学。这篇综述重点介绍了单细胞测序方法、最新的技术发展、相关的挑战、各种表达数据分析技术,以及它们在癌症研究、微生物学、神经科学、生殖生物学和免疫学等学科中的应用。它突出了单细胞测序工具在表征单个细胞动态性质方面的关键作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Acta biochimica Polonica
Acta biochimica Polonica 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
2.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
99
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Acta Biochimica Polonica is a journal covering enzymology and metabolism, membranes and bioenergetics, gene structure and expression, protein, nucleic acid and carbohydrate structure and metabolism.
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