Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory potential of zingiber officinale on adjuvant-induced arthritis

Abstract

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is an herb utilized all over the world for its extensive phytochemical properties. This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of Zingiber officinale. Arthritis was induced in the rats used in the experiment using Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) was used to screen for bioactive components present in ginger. For ten days, Zingiber officinale ethanolic extract (62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg/day) was administered orally to the rats. Edema in the paws was measured before and 10 days after Zingiber officinale treatment in order to identify pathological alterations. Additionally, cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were assessed in plasma. When compared to the control group, the CFA-arthritis induced group had edema in their paws and knee joints considerably reduced upon treated with Zingiber officinale at days 6, 8, and 10. Rats in the groups given Zingiber officinale also showed a significant decrease in cytokine levels and also recovered from the pathological alterations brought on by CFA. Twenty bioactive metabolites were found when the extracts of the ethanol, hexane, and chloroform was analyzed using GC-MS. There were no carbohydrates or steroids in the chloroform and n-hexane extract. Protein and cardiac glycoside were also missing. In summary, our findings demonstrated that Zingiber officinale treatment was successful in preventing CFA-induced arthritis through its cytokine level regulation anti-inflammatory property.