Investigation of biological activities of in vitro grown Sesamum orientale plant extract on the cell cultures: wound healing and antiproliferation

Abstract

Sesame has gained significant attention in the pharmaceutical industry for its antifungal, antiproliferative, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties, as well as its use as a nutritional supplement. Additionally, sesame is a good source of vitamins B and E and has shown potential as a food that can lower serum cholesterol, balance blood pressure, and aid wound healing. In vitro grown Sesamum orientale L. cv. "Gökova" are presently undergoing tests to determine their cytotoxic, wound-healing, and antiproliferative properties using L929 fibroblasts, A549 lung epithelial, and MCF-7 breast cell lines. The IC₅₀ values for A549 were 922.73 g ml⁻¹ (extract) and 33.09 g ml⁻¹ (cisplatin), 1837.07 g ml⁻¹ (extract) and 19.27 g ml⁻¹ (cisplatin), and for L929 they were 154.70 g ml⁻¹ (extract). The subcytotoxic dosages of the extract demonstrated wound healing in L929 fibroblast cell cultures within 48 h. The transcripts of the BCL-XL gene, which exhibit an inverse correlation with the apoptotic pathway, and the transcripts of the Cas3 and Cas9, which show a positive correlation with the apoptotic pathway, were scrutinized to ascertain the anti-cancer properties. The study revealed a significant increase in gene expression in A549 and MCF-7 lines after exposure to plant extract or cisplatin. The findings suggest that sesame extract can promote wound healing at lower doses and exhibit antiproliferative activity at higher doses. The study provides a promising foundation for the development of a pharmacological drug that offers wound-healing and/or antiproliferative effects. The product has potential applications across a range of future projects and can be utilised with numerous cell lines.