Challenges and opportunities in Nepal's early warning communication

Abstract

Nepal is exposed to various hazards year-round, particularly those related to hydro-meteorological factors, which can lead to disasters. Recently, advancements in communication technology have enhanced the ability to predict these hazards, allowing for timely preventive measures before disasters occur. An effective communication system is essential for any early warning system. This system should include institutional arrangements, technologies, media, and a mechanism to mobilize human resources to relay messages to various audiences, especially communities at risk.

This study utilized a mixed-methods approach, incorporating participatory assessment techniques to gather and analyse data from multiple sources, including literature reviews, key informant interviews, group discussions, and field observations.

The study found that Nepal's current institutional mechanisms for early warning systems related to floods and landslides have significant gaps and ambiguities in the roles and responsibilities of agencies at all three levels of government, as well as among various sectoral agencies. Additionally, the creation and distribution of early warning messages often fail to take into account important factors such as the choice of media, message format, language, and accessibility for particularly vulnerable groups. As a result, these messages frequently do not prompt the necessary actions to save lives and protect assets.

The paper recommends strengthening communication mechanisms at the national, local government, and community levels. Communication should involve a variety of audio, visual, text, and other messaging forms using appropriate media, including radio, television, phone calls, news portals, social media, and face-to-face interactions. This diverse approach will help ensure that everyone receives messages promptly.