Investigation of dual absorbers with novel MXene doped perovskite for Extraordinary performance of perovskite solar cells

Abstract

This study focuses on the numerical modeling of methylammonium lead halide (MAPbl_3-XCl_X) based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) under optimal conditions. The selection of two perovskite materials, MAPbl_3-XCl_X and MAPbI₃+Ti₃C₂, as the light absorber is advantageous due to their ability to achieve a broader absorption spectrum, with both materials having a bandgap in the range of 1.55 eV–1.6 eV, which is comparable to that of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI₃). While these materials still contain lead and thus share the same toxicity concerns, the introduction of MXenes like Ti₃C₂ enhances stability, improves charge transport, and increases overall efficiency, making them more viable for long-term applications. To further enhance device efficiency, selecting stable and high-performing carrier transport materials (CTMs) is a key strategy. Among the proposed options, the combination of Spiro-OMeTAD and ZnO as CTMs, along with an optimized thickness of the MAPbl_3-XCl_X and MAPbI₃+Ti₃C₂ layers, resulted in a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 27.12 % under AM1.5 photo illumination. Moreover, minimizing defects in PSC devices is crucial for further optimization and future advancements.