Anti-diabetic, lipid peroxidase, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, general toxicity properties and polyphenol content of Psidium guajava, Garcinia quaesita, and Cinnamon verum extracts along with their potential as nutraceuticals

Food and Humanity Pub Date : 2025-02-16 DOI:10.1016/j.foohum.2025.100537

K.M.S.A.K. Dehideniya , Vajira P. Bulugahapitiya , R.S. Sabaragamuwa , T.C. Kananke

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Abstract

Sri Lanka has a rich Ayurvedic biodiversity and plant-based extracts have attracted significant interest due to their potential therapeutic properties. However, there is limited scientific evidence supporting their therapeutic effects. This study aims to evaluate the biological activities of extracts from selected plants for utilizing them in nutraceutical preparation. Aqueous extracts of Psidium guajava (Gu) leaves, Cinnamon verum bark (CB), Cinnamon verum leaves (CL), and Garcinia quaesita (Ga) leaves were prepared by sonication followed by freeze-drying. These extracts were screened in vitro for their anti-diabetic activity using alpha-glucosidase inhibition, lipid peroxidase using spectrophotometry, antibacterial properties using agar disk diffusion, and preliminary cytotoxicity using brine shrimp lethality assay. Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu spectrometric method, total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined using spectrophotometric method and antioxidant activity was assessed using ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays. The extracts that demonstrated the best results were combined to evaluate the synergistic effects of their combination. The results indicated that P. guajava exhibited the highest alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 17.50 ± 0.40 ppm, compared to acarbose (IC₅₀ = 336.09 ± 0.32 ppm). In addition, C. verum bark demonstrated the most potent lipid peroxidase inhibition activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 229.85 ± 24.23 ppm, compared to the BHT standard (IC₅₀ 135.02 ± 9.28 ppm). Furthermore, CB showed the highest antibacterial activity against the selected bacterial strains (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). With the exception for the G. quaesita extract, the other three extracts showed no general toxicity in the brine shrimp lethality assay. Gu extract showed elevated levels of TPC and TFC and measured at 136.88 ± 1.42 mg GAE/g and, 11.02 ± 0.22 mg quercetin/g, respectively. The CB extract demonstrated significantly high total antioxidant activity in the FRAP assay, yielding 174.92 ± 2.29 mg Trolox/g, and IC₅₀ value of 8.89 ± 0.31 ppm in the DPPH assay (compared to 126.40 ± 2.92 ppm for the ascorbic acid standard). In summary, the aqueous extracts from the leaves of P. guajava and the bark of C. verum have excellent functional properties. A combination of these plant extracts can enhance certain bio activities, indicating potential nutraceutical applications.

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番石榴、石榴花和肉桂提取物具有抗糖尿病、脂质过氧化物酶、抗菌、抗氧化、一般毒性和多酚含量，以及它们作为营养保健品的潜力

斯里兰卡拥有丰富的阿育吠陀生物多样性，植物提取物因其潜在的治疗特性而引起了极大的兴趣。然而，支持其治疗效果的科学证据有限。本研究旨在评价选定植物提取物的生物活性，为其在营养制剂中的应用提供依据。以番石榴（Gu）叶、verum bark （CB）、verum leaves （CL）和Garcinia quaesita （Ga）叶为原料，经超声提取后冷冻干燥。采用α -葡萄糖苷酶抑制法、脂质过氧化物酶分光光度法、琼脂盘扩散法和盐水虾致死性初步细胞毒性法对这些提取物进行体外抗糖尿病活性筛选。采用Folin-Ciocalteu光谱法测定总酚含量（TPC），采用分光光度法测定总黄酮含量（TFC），采用铁还原抗氧化能力法（FRAP）和2,2′-二苯基-1-苦味酰肼（DPPH）自由基清除法测定抗氧化活性。将效果最好的两种提取物联合使用，评价其联合使用的协同效应。结果表明，番石榴具有最高的α -葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性，与阿卡波糖（IC₅₀= 336.09 ± 0.32 ppm）相比，IC₅₀值为17.50 ± 0.40 ppm。此外，与BHT标准（IC₅₀135.02 ± 9.28 ppm）相比，C. verum树皮表现出最有效的脂质过氧化物酶抑制活性，IC₅₀值为229.85 ± 24.23 ppm。此外，对所选菌株（大肠杆菌ATCC 25922、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌）的抑菌活性最高。在对卤虾的致死试验中，除拟南芥提取物外，其余三种提取物均无一般毒性。谷子提取物TPC和TFC水平升高，分别为136.88 ± 1.42 mg GAE/g和11.02 ± 0.22 mg槲皮素/g。CB提取证明明显收紧的高总抗氧化活性测定,收益率174.92 ±2.29  毫克Trolox / g,和IC₅₀价值8.89 ±0.31  ppm的DPPH实验(与126.40相比 ±2.92  ppm的抗坏血酸标准)。综上所述，番石榴叶和verum树皮的水提物具有优良的功能特性。这些植物提取物的组合可以增强某些生物活性，表明潜在的营养保健应用。

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Food and Humanity

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