Deciphering the crosslink mechanism of dual cure EP(D)M and CTS rubber compounds for reduced oil swell

IF 5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108736

Gina Butuc , Kees van Leerdam , Brenda Rossenaar , Auke Talma , Anke Blume

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Rubber compounds containing blends of two or more polymers are common in various industrial applications, starting with the tire industry. Blends are most commonly comprising of materials that are compatible with each other. However, for blends that are comprising of polymeric materials with limited compatibility, understanding the limitation and ways to overcome it is paramount to ensuring rubber compounds homogeneity. In this study Ethylene Propylene (Diene) Polymer (EPDM) or Ethylene Propylene Polymer (EPM) and Cyclic Tetrasulfide (CTS) are combined with the goal of achieving a compound that has superior properties than EPDM or EPM. Thermodynamic studies are deployed to illustrate materials' compatibility. The role of CTS in the compound is discussed in detail, as it presents dual functions. This study represents a fundamental analysis of EP(D)M-CTS blends, starting with Thermodynamic studies and polymeric phase analysis by Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy (S(T)EM) hyphenated by Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) or Raman Spectroscopy. The resulting rubber compounds' mechanical properties are analyzed, including the Payne effect. The compound resistance against swelling when exposed to a standard hydrocarbon oil was tested on a side-by-side comparison with pure EPD and they show positive outcome. EPDM-CTS compounds have an increased resistance to swell in standard hydrocarbon oil. This feature is important in rubber articles such as for o-rings, gaskets, and other seal articles. The focus of this study is to elucidate the mechanism of crosslinking in rubber compounds comprising of EP(D)M and CTS. This fundamental understanding of the crosslinking chemical process signifies the building block for future EP(D)M-CTS compound development.

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来源期刊

Polymer Testing 工程技术-材料科学：表征与测试

CiteScore

10.70

自引率

5.90%

发文量

328

审稿时长

44 days

期刊介绍： Polymer Testing focuses on the testing, analysis and characterization of polymer materials, including both synthetic and natural or biobased polymers. Novel testing methods and the testing of novel polymeric materials in bulk, solution and dispersion is covered. In addition, we welcome the submission of the testing of polymeric materials for a wide range of applications and industrial products as well as nanoscale characterization. The scope includes but is not limited to the following main topics: Novel testing methods and Chemical analysis • mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, imaging, spectroscopy, scattering and rheology Physical properties and behaviour of novel polymer systems • nanoscale properties, morphology, transport properties Degradation and recycling of polymeric materials when combined with novel testing or characterization methods • degradation, biodegradation, ageing and fire retardancy Modelling and Simulation work will be only considered when it is linked to new or previously published experimental results.