Transforming residential water end use analysis: unleashing insights from widespread low-resolution smart metering data

IF 11.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2025.123344

Khoi Anh Nguyen, Rodney Anthony Stewart, Hong Zhang

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Abstract

Transforming smart meter data captured at low-resolution litre intervals of 15 to 60 mins into residential water end use data provides valuable insights for water businesses and their customers. Water end use data is crucial for developing effective and customised water conservation and management strategies. In this study, a significant water end use event data repository collated from studies covering various Australian metropolitan cities was used to develop an intelligent model for low-resolution water consumption data based on Volume and Time features. The model architecture integrates the strengths of Random Forest, Linear Regression, and Neural Networks in a stacked ensemble, with a Regression Tree as a meta-model. Model accuracy was found to stabilise with of sufficient size and observation period. The model was then applied to a larger dataset, enabling a robust case study. The results demonstrate that the model accurately predicts end use categories, offering valuable insights into large-scale water consumption behaviours. This research underscores the importance of feature selection and optimal dataset size in enhancing model accuracy. The derived residential water end use model makes a significant contribution by allowing water businesses to autonomously and accurately characterise citywide residential end uses using only mainstream low-resolution smart meter technology.

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来源期刊

Water Research 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

20.80

自引率

9.40%

发文量

1307

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： Water Research, along with its open access companion journal Water Research X, serves as a platform for publishing original research papers covering various aspects of the science and technology related to the anthropogenic water cycle, water quality, and its management worldwide. The audience targeted by the journal comprises biologists, chemical engineers, chemists, civil engineers, environmental engineers, limnologists, and microbiologists. The scope of the journal include: •Treatment processes for water and wastewaters (municipal, agricultural, industrial, and on-site treatment), including resource recovery and residuals management; •Urban hydrology including sewer systems, stormwater management, and green infrastructure; •Drinking water treatment and distribution; •Potable and non-potable water reuse; •Sanitation, public health, and risk assessment; •Anaerobic digestion, solid and hazardous waste management, including source characterization and the effects and control of leachates and gaseous emissions; •Contaminants (chemical, microbial, anthropogenic particles such as nanoparticles or microplastics) and related water quality sensing, monitoring, fate, and assessment; •Anthropogenic impacts on inland, tidal, coastal and urban waters, focusing on surface and ground waters, and point and non-point sources of pollution; •Environmental restoration, linked to surface water, groundwater and groundwater remediation; •Analysis of the interfaces between sediments and water, and between water and atmosphere, focusing specifically on anthropogenic impacts; •Mathematical modelling, systems analysis, machine learning, and beneficial use of big data related to the anthropogenic water cycle; •Socio-economic, policy, and regulations studies.