Exploring adaptation routes to cold temperatures in the Saccharomyces genus.

IF 4 2区 生物学 Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY
PLoS Genetics Pub Date : 2025-02-19 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.1011199
Javier Pinto, Laura Natalia Balarezo-Cisneros, Daniela Delneri
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The identification of traits that affect adaptation of microbial species to external abiotic factors, such as temperature, is key for our understanding of how biodiversity originates and can be maintained in a constantly changing environment. The Saccharomyces genus, which includes eight species with different thermotolerant profiles, represent an ideal experimental platform to study the impact of adaptive alleles in different genetic backgrounds. Previous studies identified a group of adaptive genes for maintenance of growth at lower temperatures. Here, we carried out a genus-wide assessment of the role of genes partially responsible for cold-adaptation in all eight Saccharomyces species for six candidate genes. We showed that the cold tolerance trait of S. kudriavzevii and S. eubayanus is likely to have evolved from different routes, involving genes important for the conservation of redox-balance, and for the long-chain fatty acid metabolism, respectively. For several loci, temperature- and species-dependent epistasis was detected, underscoring the plasticity and complexity of the genetic interactions. The natural isolates of S. kudriavzevii, S. jurei and S. mikatae had a significantly higher expression of the genes involved in the redox balance compared to S. cerevisiae, suggesting a role at transcriptional level. To distinguish the effects of gene expression from allelic variation, we independently replaced either the promoters or the coding sequences (CDS) of two genes in four yeast species with those derived from S. kudriavzevii. Our data consistently showed a significant fitness improvement at cold temperatures in the strains carrying the S. kudriavzevii promoter, while growth was lower upon CDS swapping. These results suggest that transcriptional strength plays a bigger role in growth maintenance at cold temperatures over the CDS and supports a model of adaptation centred on stochastic tuning of the expression network.

探索酵母菌属对低温的适应途径。
识别影响微生物物种适应外部非生物因素(如温度)的特征,是我们理解生物多样性如何在不断变化的环境中起源和维持的关键。Saccharomyces属包括8个具有不同耐热性的物种,为研究不同遗传背景下适应性等位基因的影响提供了理想的实验平台。先前的研究发现了一组适应基因,用于在较低温度下维持生长。在这里,我们对所有8种酵母菌种中6个候选基因的冷适应部分负责基因的作用进行了全属评估。我们发现,S. kudriavzevii和S. eubayanus的耐寒性状可能是从不同的途径进化而来的,分别涉及到氧化还原平衡保护和长链脂肪酸代谢的重要基因。对于一些位点,检测到温度和物种依赖的上位性,强调了遗传相互作用的可塑性和复杂性。天然分离的S. kudriavzevii、S. jurei和S. mikatae的氧化还原平衡相关基因的表达量显著高于酿酒S. cerevisiae,表明其在转录水平上起作用。为了区分等位基因变异对基因表达的影响,我们将四种酵母菌的两个基因的启动子或编码序列(CDS)分别替换为来自S. kudriavzevii的启动子或编码序列。我们的数据一致显示,携带S. kudriavzevii启动子的菌株在低温下的适应性显著提高,而在CDS交换时生长较低。这些结果表明,转录强度在CDS低温下的生长维持中起着更大的作用,并支持以表达网络随机调节为中心的适应模型。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
PLoS Genetics
PLoS Genetics GENETICS & HEREDITY-
自引率
2.20%
发文量
438
期刊介绍: PLOS Genetics is run by an international Editorial Board, headed by the Editors-in-Chief, Greg Barsh (HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology, and Stanford University School of Medicine) and Greg Copenhaver (The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). Articles published in PLOS Genetics are archived in PubMed Central and cited in PubMed.
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