The antiparasitic effect of C-Phycocyanin nanoparticles on cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed mice.

Q3 Immunology and Microbiology

Journal of Parasitic Diseases Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-03 DOI:10.1007/s12639-024-01739-2

Esraa Abdelhamid Moneer, Sara H Akl, Yahya H Shahin, Sendianah H Shahin, Bassma H Elwakil, Areej Eskandrani, Keshav Raj Paudel, Basant A Bakr

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Abstract

The present study aimed to newly synthesize C-Phycocyanin nanoparticles through a ball-milling technique. C-Phycocyanin nanoparticles had average diameter of 290.2 nm, zeta potential 48.3 mV and 0.390 PDI. The synthesized nanoparticles were tested as an anti-cryptosporidiosis agent compared to the crude C-Phycocyanin. Cryptosporidiosis induction was done in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice. The antiparasitic effect was evaluated through multiplex qualitative PCR, count of oocysts, serum biochemical parameters, oxidative stress and antioxidant markers, cytokine analysis, and histopathological study (qualitative and quantitative). Multiplex qualitative PCR analysis revealed the presence of the tested parasite gene (JVAF) in all the treated groups. The percentage of the highest reduction of the oocysts means counting has been detected in the infected mice treated with nitazoxanide (NTZ) (Ic, IIc) followed by treatment with C-Phycocyanin nano (Ie, IIe), then C-Phycocyanin (Id, IId) (42, 48, 37, 36 15, and 29% respectively). C-Phycocyanin and C-Phycocyanin nanoparticles treated groups dramatically affected the levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity. Moreover, treatment with C-Phycocyanin and C-Phycocyanin nanoparticles significantly reduced cytokines levels (Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (INF-γ), and interleukin (IL-13)) in contrast to untreated groups. The histological results in the tissues of mice's ileum which are infected by Cryptosporidium spp. (positive control) exhibited cellular inflammation in the submucosa and lamina properia, as well as thickening and flattening of the villi. However, the application of nanoparticles allowed the villus to grow further, indicating the nano impact of the cryptosporidiosis treatment.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1007/s12639-024-01739-2).

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c -藻蓝蛋白纳米颗粒对免疫抑制小鼠隐孢子虫病的抗寄生作用。

本研究旨在通过球磨技术合成新的c -藻蓝蛋白纳米颗粒。c -藻蓝蛋白纳米颗粒的平均直径为290.2 nm， zeta电位为48.3 mV， PDI为0.390。将合成的纳米颗粒作为抗隐孢子虫病剂与粗c -藻蓝蛋白进行了比较。在免疫正常和免疫抑制小鼠中诱导隐孢子虫病。通过多重定性PCR、卵囊计数、血清生化指标、氧化应激和抗氧化标志物、细胞因子分析和组织病理学（定性和定量）研究来评价其抗寄生虫作用。多重定性PCR分析显示，所有处理组均存在检测到的疟原虫基因（JVAF）。用硝唑肼（NTZ）（Ic, IIc）处理感染小鼠后，再用c -藻蓝蛋白纳米（Ie, IIe）处理，再用c -藻蓝蛋白（Id, IId）处理（分别为42、48、37、36、15和29%），卵囊计数减少率最高。c -藻蓝蛋白和c -藻蓝蛋白纳米颗粒处理组显著影响了过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和丙二醛（MDA）的活性。此外，与未治疗组相比，c -藻蓝蛋白和c -藻蓝蛋白纳米颗粒治疗显著降低了细胞因子水平(肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)、干扰素-γ （INF-γ)和白细胞介素（IL-13））。隐孢子虫感染小鼠回肠组织（阳性对照）的组织学结果显示，粘膜下层和固有层细胞炎症，绒毛增厚和变平。然而，纳米颗粒的应用使绒毛进一步生长，表明隐孢子虫病治疗的纳米影响。补充资料：在线版本包含补充资料，可在（10.1007/s12639-024-01739-2）获得。

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来源期刊

Journal of Parasitic Diseases Immunology and Microbiology-Parasitology

CiteScore

2.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The primary constituency of the Journal of Parasitic Diseases is parasitology. It publishes original research papers (pure, applied and clinical), which contribute significantly to any area of parasitology. Research papers on various aspects of cellular and molecular parasitology are welcome.