Root Morpho-Physiological Characteristics and Yield Formation of Rice Under Combined Salinity-Drought Stress

IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Tianyao Meng, Lulu Wang, Wang Zhu, Guanglong Zhu, Huanhe Wei, Ke Xu, Qigen Dai, Guisheng Zhou
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Because of inadequate freshwater resources and poor irrigation facilities, salinity and drought often co-occur for rice production in saline lands. The root is the primary and most vulnerable organ for detecting and perceiving salinity and drought stresses in soil. Still, little information is available on the root morpho-physiological characteristics and grain yield of rice when subjected to the combined salinity-drought stress. The present study was conducted under two salinity levels (NS, non-salinity treatment; S, salinity treatment) and three drought levels imposed from jointing to heading (ND, non-drought treatment; MD, moderate drought treatment; SD, severe drought treatment). Salinity and drought treatments shortened the duration from heading to maturity by 5–9 days and total growth duration by 3–6 days. Grain yield was reduced (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) under salinity and drought, and the reduction was more significant under their combined stress. The aggravated yield loss under the combined salinity-drought was attributed to lower yield components relative to salinity and drought alone. The combined stress caused greater decreases in root and shoot biomass and root/shoot ratio at heading and maturity, although there was an increase in harvest index. Individual salinity and drought, and especially their combined stress, reduced root length and root volume at heading and maturity and increased reduction rates of root length and root volume after heading. Root-bleeding rate and root oxidative activity after heading were decreased under salinity and drought, and the decreases were greater under the combined salinity-drought stress; similar trends were detected for flag leaf photosynthetic rate and zeatin (Z) and zeatin riboside (ZR) contents in the root-bleeding sap and flag leaf. Our results suggested a greater yield penalty of rice when subjected to the combined stress of salinity and drought. Individual salinity, drought, and especially their combined stresses deteriorated root morphology and physiology, which shortened growth duration, accelerated plant senescence, weakened leaf photosynthesis and biomass accumulation, and led to poor grain yield.

盐旱联合胁迫下水稻根系形态生理特征及产量形成
由于淡水资源不足和灌溉设施差,盐碱地的水稻生产经常同时发生盐碱化和干旱。根系是土壤中探测和感知盐分和干旱胁迫的主要器官,也是最脆弱的器官。但目前对盐旱复合胁迫下水稻根系形态生理特征和产量的研究还很少。本研究在两种盐度水平下进行(NS,无盐度处理;S,盐度处理)和从拔节到抽穗的三个干旱级别(ND,非干旱处理;MD,中度干旱处理;SD,严重干旱处理)。盐和干旱处理使抽穗至成熟期缩短了5 ~ 9 d,总生长期缩短了3 ~ 6 d。盐胁迫和干旱胁迫使籽粒产量降低(p <; 0.01或p <; 0.05),且在盐胁迫和干旱胁迫联合作用下降低更为显著。盐旱联合条件下产量损失加剧的主要原因是相对于盐旱两种单独条件下产量组成部分较低。综合胁迫导致抽穗期和成熟期根冠生物量和根冠比下降较大,但收获指数增加。单独的盐胁迫和干旱胁迫,尤其是它们的联合胁迫,使抽穗期和成熟期的根长和根体积减小,抽穗后的根长和根体积减小率增加。盐胁迫和干旱胁迫降低了抽穗后根出血率和根氧化活性,且盐旱联合胁迫下降低幅度更大;旗叶光合速率、出根液和旗叶中玉米素(Z)和玉米素核苷(ZR)含量变化趋势相似。我们的研究结果表明,当受到盐和干旱联合胁迫时,水稻的产量损失更大。盐度、干旱,尤其是它们的联合胁迫,使根系形态和生理恶化,缩短生育期,加速植株衰老,削弱叶片光合作用和生物量积累,导致籽粒产量下降。
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来源期刊
Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science
Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
5.70%
发文量
54
审稿时长
7.8 months
期刊介绍: The effects of stress on crop production of agricultural cultivated plants will grow to paramount importance in the 21st century, and the Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science aims to assist in understanding these challenges. In this context, stress refers to extreme conditions under which crops and forages grow. The journal publishes original papers and reviews on the general and special science of abiotic plant stress. Specific topics include: drought, including water-use efficiency, such as salinity, alkaline and acidic stress, extreme temperatures since heat, cold and chilling stress limit the cultivation of crops, flooding and oxidative stress, and means of restricting them. Special attention is on research which have the topic of narrowing the yield gap. The Journal will give preference to field research and studies on plant stress highlighting these subsections. Particular regard is given to application-oriented basic research and applied research. The application of the scientific principles of agricultural crop experimentation is an essential prerequisite for the publication. Studies based on field experiments must show that they have been repeated (at least three times) on the same organism or have been conducted on several different varieties.
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