New evidence that blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) has floral traits that enable pollination at night

IF 1.2 3区 农林科学 Q3 ENTOMOLOGY
Max N. Buxton, Anne C. Gaskett, Janice M. Lord, David E. Pattemore
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Abstract

The role of nocturnal pollinators has been globally understudied, particularly in agriculture, but growing evidence suggests that crops often assumed to be pollinated during the day also receive additional pollination by night-active animals. In our study, we assessed six different types of evidence to determine whether blueberry flowers, which are typically associated with diurnal pollinators, could also be pollinated at night. We used observational and experimental approaches commonly used and validated for assessing nocturnal pollination, including variation in stigma receptivity and pollen viability at day and night, nectar standing crop dynamics, temporal effects of pollen germination, pollinator exclusion experiments and the presence of pollen on the bodies of potential nocturnal pollinators (moths). Stigma receptivity and pollen viability were similar between our day and night sample points. We found no negative effects of time of pollination on pollen germination. Nectar availability was strongly associated with time of day, and although nectar was available both day and night, nectar volume was highest at night. Fruit set was highest in flowers with unrestricted access to pollinators, but we are unable to determine the relative importance of nocturnal versus diurnal pollination as these treatments gave the same result as our control. Moths caught in blueberry orchards carried pollen from 25 plant species, with blueberry pollen being the fifth most abundant. Our results show that blueberry flowers have floral traits that allow pollination at night as well as during the day, and that moths, along with other nocturnal insects, may be contributing to this. However, the importance of nocturnal pollination relative to diurnal pollination remains unknown.

新证据表明蓝莓(Vaccinium spp.)具有能够在夜间授粉的花性状
夜间传粉者的作用在全球范围内一直未得到充分研究,特别是在农业领域,但越来越多的证据表明,通常被认为在白天授粉的作物也会得到夜间活动动物的额外授粉。在我们的研究中,我们评估了六种不同类型的证据,以确定蓝莓花是否也可以在夜间授粉,蓝莓花通常与日间传粉者有关。我们采用了通常用于评估夜间传粉的观察和实验方法,包括白天和夜间柱头接受性和花粉活力的变化,花蜜作物动态,花粉萌发的时间效应,传粉者排除实验和潜在夜间传粉者(飞蛾)体内花粉的存在。白天和夜间取样点的柱头接受度和花粉活力相似。我们发现授粉时间对花粉萌发没有负面影响。花蜜可得性与一天中的时间密切相关,尽管白天和晚上都有花蜜可得,但花蜜量在晚上最高。在不受传粉者影响的花朵中,坐果率最高,但我们无法确定夜间授粉与日间授粉的相对重要性,因为这些处理的结果与我们的对照相同。在蓝莓果园捕获的飞蛾携带着25种植物的花粉,其中蓝莓花粉含量排名第五。我们的研究结果表明,蓝莓花具有可以在夜间和白天授粉的花卉特征,而飞蛾和其他夜间昆虫可能对此有所贡献。然而,夜间授粉相对于日间授粉的重要性仍然未知。
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来源期刊
Arthropod-Plant Interactions
Arthropod-Plant Interactions 生物-昆虫学
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
6.20%
发文量
58
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Arthropod-Plant Interactions is dedicated to publishing high quality original papers and reviews with a broad fundamental or applied focus on ecological, biological, and evolutionary aspects of the interactions between insects and other arthropods with plants. Coverage extends to all aspects of such interactions including chemical, biochemical, genetic, and molecular analysis, as well reporting on multitrophic studies, ecophysiology, and mutualism. Arthropod-Plant Interactions encourages the submission of forum papers that challenge prevailing hypotheses. The journal encourages a diversity of opinion by presenting both invited and unsolicited review papers.
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