Sources of behavioral variability in C. elegans: Sex differences, individuality, and internal states

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Current Opinion in Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2025.102984

Steven W. Flavell , Meital Oren-Suissa , Shay Stern

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Abstract

Animal behavior varies across different timescales. This includes rapid shifts in behavior as animals transition between states and long-term changes that develop throughout an organism’s life. This review presents the contributions of sex differences, individuality, and internal states to behavioral variability in the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans. Sex is determined by chromosome composition, which directs neuronal development through gene regulation and experience to shape dimorphic behaviors. Genetically identical individuals within the same sex and reared in the same conditions still display distinctive, long-lasting behavioral traits that are controlled by neuromodulatory systems. At all life stages, internal states within the individual, shaped by external factors like food and stress, modulate behavior over minutes to hours. The interplay between these factors gives rise to rich behavioral diversity in C. elegans. These factors impact behavior in a sequential manner, as genetic sex, individuality, and internal states influence behavior over progressively finer timescales.

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动物的行为在不同的时间尺度上会发生变化。这包括动物在不同状态间转换时行为的快速变化，以及在生物体整个生命过程中形成的长期变化。这篇综述介绍了性别差异、个体性和内部状态对蛔虫秀丽隐杆线虫行为变异的贡献。性别由染色体组成决定，通过基因调控和经验指导神经元发育，从而形成二态行为。基因相同的同性个体在相同的饲养条件下仍能表现出独特、持久的行为特征，这些特征由神经调节系统控制。在生命的各个阶段，个体的内部状态都会受到食物和压力等外部因素的影响，在数分钟至数小时内调节行为。这些因素之间的相互作用导致了秀丽隐杆线虫丰富的行为多样性。这些因素对行为的影响是有先后顺序的，遗传性别、个体性和内部状态对行为的影响时间尺度逐渐变细。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Opinion in Neurobiology 医学-神经科学

CiteScore

11.10

自引率

1.80%

发文量

130

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Current Opinion in Neurobiology publishes short annotated reviews by leading experts on recent developments in the field of neurobiology. These experts write short reviews describing recent discoveries in this field (in the past 2-5 years), as well as highlighting select individual papers of particular significance. The journal is thus an important resource allowing researchers and educators to quickly gain an overview and rich understanding of complex and current issues in the field of Neurobiology. The journal takes a unique and valuable approach in focusing each special issue around a topic of scientific and/or societal interest, and then bringing together leading international experts studying that topic, embracing diverse methodologies and perspectives. Journal Content: The journal consists of 6 issues per year, covering 8 recurring topics every other year in the following categories: -Neurobiology of Disease- Neurobiology of Behavior- Cellular Neuroscience- Systems Neuroscience- Developmental Neuroscience- Neurobiology of Learning and Plasticity- Molecular Neuroscience- Computational Neuroscience