Additives for sustainable fruit packaging: A systematic review

Abstract

Fruit packaging plays a crucial role in preserving quality, ensuring safety, extending shelf life, and reducing postharvest waste. This study systematically reviewed 316 studies conducted in 34 countries over the past six years to evaluate the role of additives in improving the structural and functional properties of packaging and their efficiency in maintaining fruit quality. The review focuses on three main packaging methods: direct fruit coating, fruit wrapping, and alternative approaches. A total of 83 types of chemical, physicochemical, biological, mechanical, and sensory tests were analyzed to assess the performance of these packaging systems. Key findings reveal innovations in active, edible, functional, intelligent, and sustainable packaging, with an emphasis on environmental sustainability and food safety. Notable additives, such as glycerol, essential oils, natural extracts, Tween, nanocellulose, silver nanoparticles, zinc oxide, and calcium chloride, demonstrated the ability to enhance film and coating properties, including elasticity, antimicrobial activity, and UV protection. These advancements contribute to the extension of shelf life across various fruit species, addressing global challenges in reducing food waste. This review highlights the systematic identification of trends, gaps, and opportunities in additive applications for fruit packaging, offering insights for the development of sustainable and effective packaging solutions. By consolidating diverse findings, this study provides a foundation for future innovations in the field, aligning with growing consumer demand for environmentally responsible and efficient postharvest technologies.