Criticality assessment and material flow analysis of raw materials for power lithium-ion batteries in China: Towards sustainable supply and recycling

IF 11.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Resources Conservation and Recycling Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI:10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108189

Yuhang Zong , Xiaoyang Chen , Mingming Chen , Wenyi Yan , Xihua Zhang , Chenglong Zhang , Zhi Sun

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

To ensure the sustainability of the power lithium-ion battery (PLIB) industry, assessing the criticality of raw materials (RMs) and cathode materials is crucial, as it evaluates their environmental and economic impact during supply disruptions. This work utilizes dynamic material flow analysis and an improved criticality matrix to assess the criticality of RMs and cathode materials under different scenarios. The results reveal that a considerable increase both in demand of Li, Ni, Co and Mn resources from 2015–2022, while the cumulative recycling volume of all materials remained small. When the collection framework for spent PLIBs is improved, the recycling of RMs in 2040 can achieve approximately 60% of the corresponding demand. The establishment of a sound waste management system and improvement on resource efficiency can minimize the criticality of ternary materials. This research highlights the need for enhanced recycling framework and strategic planning to ensure the sustainable supply of critical materials.

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来源期刊

Resources Conservation and Recycling 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

22.90

自引率

6.10%

发文量

625

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： The journal Resources, Conservation & Recycling welcomes contributions from research, which consider sustainable management and conservation of resources. The journal prioritizes understanding the transformation processes crucial for transitioning toward more sustainable production and consumption systems. It highlights technological, economic, institutional, and policy aspects related to specific resource management practices such as conservation, recycling, and resource substitution, as well as broader strategies like improving resource productivity and restructuring production and consumption patterns. Contributions may address regional, national, or international scales and can range from individual resources or technologies to entire sectors or systems. Authors are encouraged to explore scientific and methodological issues alongside practical, environmental, and economic implications. However, manuscripts focusing solely on laboratory experiments without discussing their broader implications will not be considered for publication in the journal.