‘‘Spatial distribution, abundance, and risk assessment of microplastics in the surface water of Kaptai Lake: Southeast Asia's largest artificial reservoir’’

IF 5.4 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of hazardous materials advances Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI:10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100640

Md Fardullah , Mohammad Saimon Islam , Khadigha Akther , Md. Tanvir Hossain , Fataha Nur Robel

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Abstract

Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in aquatic habitats and have the potential to seriously harm the ecosystem, creatures, and public health. Microplastic pollution in water has garnered attention, but regional microplastic distribution, shape, and risk are unknown. We collected 42 samples from 14 sampling sites in Kaptai Lake to study the spatial variations, causes, transfer, composition profile, and environmental impact of MPs in water. The sampling was done in January 2024 by using a manta trawl having a mesh size of 300 μm. The MPs in water samples were digested, vacuum filtered and quantified using an optical microscope. The number of MPs ranged from 13.33 ± 6.67 to 683 ± 70.55 items/m³. Plastic particles were most often transparent (38.07 %) and red (11.01 %). MPs types in water were ordered as follows: Fibers > foams > fragments > lines > films > pellets. According to the analysis in Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (38.57 %) and polyethylene (PE) (36 %), with filamentous (33.33 %) and irregular (32.37 %) morphologies, were the most common polymers. Most MPs (83.98 %) were between 0.3 and 1.5 mm, followed by 3–5 mm (8.75 %) and 1.5–3 mm (7.27 %). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine the surface deformation of different polymer types due to environmental exposure where the PE showed the highest degree of deformity. The polymer hazard index (PHI), the potential ecological risk index (RI), and, the ecological risk factor (E_r) values for Lake water indicate serious MPs risk. The pollution load index (PLI) had very low MP contamination. Household wastewater and fishing may be related to local MPs. This study may provide a MPs contamination baseline in Bangladesh's extensive freshwater ecosystem. The results will enhance knowledge of MPs pollution risk and contamination levels, which could facilitate the development of remediation strategies.

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东南亚最大的人工水库Kaptai湖地表水中微塑料的空间分布、丰度和风险评估

微塑料（MPs）在水生栖息地中无处不在，有可能严重危害生态系统、生物和公众健康。水中的微塑料污染已引起人们的关注，但区域微塑料的分布、形状和风险尚不清楚。本文采集了Kaptai湖14个采样点的42个样品，研究了水中MPs的空间变化、成因、迁移、组成特征和环境影响。取样于2024年1月，使用网目尺寸为300 μm的蝠鲼拖网进行。用光学显微镜对水样中的MPs进行消化、真空过滤和定量。MPs数为13.33±6.67 ~ 683±70.55个/m3。塑料颗粒通常是透明的（38.07%）和红色的（11.01%）。水中MPs的种类排序如下：纤维；泡沫比;碎片比;线比;电影比;球团。傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）分析表明，聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）（38.57%）和聚乙烯（PE）（36%）以丝状（33.33%）和不规则（32.37%）形态最为常见。直径0.3 ~ 1.5 mm占83.98%，3 ~ 5 mm占8.75%，1.5 ~ 3 mm占7.27%。利用扫描电镜（SEM）研究了不同类型聚合物由于环境暴露而产生的表面变形，其中PE表现出最高程度的变形。聚合物危害指数（PHI）、潜在生态风险指数（RI）和生态风险因子（Er）表明湖泊水体存在严重的MPs风险。污染负荷指数（PLI）为极低的MP污染。家庭污水和渔业可能与当地国会议员有关。这项研究可能为孟加拉国广泛的淡水生态系统提供MPs污染基线。研究结果将提高对多磺酸污染风险和污染水平的认识，有助于制定修复策略。

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