Engineered Biomimetic Nanomedicine for Enhanced Bone Marrow Targeted Delivery and Therapy in Multiple Myeloma

Abstract

With the rapid advancement of nanotechnology, multifunctional drug carriers have shown great potential in addressing key challenges in clinical drug application. Multiple myeloma (MM), a malignant tumor of the hematopoietic system, is not effectively targeted by the traditional enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. In this study, we designed and constructed an engineered biomimetic nanomedicine (BPMA) coated with myeloma cell membranes, based on a sequential targeting strategy of the bone microenvironment and myeloma cells. This nanomedicine employs bisphosphonates as bone-targeting ligands, encapsulates the antitumor drug bortezomib (BTZ), and achieves specific recognition and accumulation in MM cells through homologous tumor cell membrane coating. In vitro and in vivo experimental results demonstrate that BPMA effectively accumulates at myeloma sites, significantly inhibits tumor cell proliferation, and concurrently reduces the toxic side effects of drugs. This biomimetic nanomedicine exhibits good biocompatibility and safety, highlighting its great potential in myeloma treatment. This biomimetic nanomedicine system offers a innovative strategy to overcome therapeutic challenges in MM tumors and not only breaks through the bottleneck of traditional drugs in terms of targeting and safety but also opens up a new direction for optimizing targeted drug delivery, improving therapeutic effect and reducing side effects. Such a biomimetic nanomedicine exhibits broad clinical application prospects for further exploration and development.