Food security and dietary intake of a cohort of South African students during COVID-19.

Abstract

Background: Food insecurity among students was a global concern even before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Food security comprises having access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food at all times. The COVID-19 containment measures negatively influenced economies, impacting citizens' food security.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the food security of a cohort of South African students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Setting: The sample included Health Science students from a university in Central South Africa.

Methods: A mixed-method study was performed using questionnaires and focus group discussions. The questionnaire and focus group discussions investigated similar areas and were supported by literature. Ethical clearance was obtained.

Results: Food insecurity existed among 84% of questionnaire participants. Dietary intake changed, with mainly a decrease in sugary and salty snacks. Focus group participants indicated an increase in the intake of starchy foods and reverted to binge eating. Dietary intake changes were attributed to poor availability and limited resources, for example money and electricity. Few participants were aware of or utilised available support services.

Conclusion: The isolated, confined and extreme (ICE) environment that resulted from COVID-19 negatively impacted students' dietary intake and food security. Institutions should implement measures to support students' intake of healthy foods during ICE events.

Contribution: This study provides significant insights into the dietary intake and food security of a cohort of Health Science students during COVID-19. It highlights the need for improved institutional and government food relief interventions during future pandemics. Therefore, this study contributes to the second sustainable development goal namely: zero hunger.