Medium-Chain Triglyceride Administration Induces Antidepressant Effects in Animal Models by Increasing Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Levels.

IF 0.9 4区 医学 Q4 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL
Yonago acta medica Pub Date : 2025-01-23 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI:10.33160/yam.2025.02.007
Akihiko Miura, Takehiko Yamanashi, Naofumi Kajitani, Saki Fukuda, Kyohei Tsunetomi, Ryoichi Matsuo, Tsuyoshi Nishiguchi, Shenghong Pu, Yumeto Nakada, Yukihiko Shirayama, Ken Watanabe, Koichi Kaneko, Masaaki Iwata
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Inflammation is believed to contribute to the pathophysiology of depression, with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), observed in patients. Depression is also common in individuals with chronic inflammatory diseases. IL-1β disrupts synaptic transmission and reduces neurogenesis in the hippocampus, playing a crucial role in depression development. Our prior research found that stress activates microglia in the brain to produce IL-1β via the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Additionally, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), an endogenous ketone body, alleviates stress-induced depression by inhibiting NLRP3 activation and IL-1β production. However, BHB's poor bioavailability limits its effectiveness. Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) can increase blood BHB levels, making them a potential treatment for stress-induced depression.

Methods: We tested MCT in two animal models: social defeat (SD) in mice and chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) in rats. MCT was orally administered to both groups to assess blood BHB levels. Behavioral tests, including the forced swim test (FST), were performed, and brain tissue was analyzed for IL-1β levels and spine density.

Results: MCT administration increased blood BHB levels 7-11 times within 1 hour. In the SD model, MCT significantly reduced immobility time in the FST, suggesting antidepressant effects. While the CUS model showed no significant change, a trend toward reduced immobility time was observed. MCT treatment also reduced stress-induced IL-1β levels in the rat hippocampus, although spine density remained unchanged.

Conclusion: MCT appears to alleviate stress-induced depression-like behaviors, likely through the suppression of IL-1β in the hippocampus. Owing to its ease of oral administration, MCT may offer a practical treatment for stress-related depression.

中链甘油三酯通过增加β -羟基丁酸水平诱导动物模型的抗抑郁作用。
背景:炎症被认为有助于抑郁症的病理生理,在患者中观察到炎症细胞因子水平升高,如白细胞介素-1β (IL-1β)。抑郁症在慢性炎症性疾病患者中也很常见。IL-1β破坏突触传递并减少海马的神经发生,在抑郁症的发展中起着至关重要的作用。我们之前的研究发现,应激激活大脑中的小胶质细胞通过核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体家族pyrin结构域3 (NLRP3)炎性体产生IL-1β。此外,内源性酮体β-羟基丁酸酯(BHB)通过抑制NLRP3的激活和IL-1β的产生来缓解应激性抑郁。然而,BHB较差的生物利用度限制了其有效性。中链甘油三酯(mct)可以增加血液中BHB的水平,使其成为治疗压力性抑郁症的潜在药物。方法:在小鼠社会失败(social defeat, SD)和大鼠慢性不可预测应激(chronic unpredictable stress, CUS)两种动物模型中测试MCT。两组均口服MCT以评估血液BHB水平。进行行为学测试,包括强迫游泳测试(FST),分析脑组织IL-1β水平和脊柱密度。结果:MCT在1小时内使血BHB水平升高7 ~ 11倍。在SD模型中,MCT显著减少了FST的静止时间,提示抗抑郁作用。虽然CUS模型没有明显变化,但观察到静止时间减少的趋势。MCT治疗也降低了应激诱导的大鼠海马IL-1β水平,尽管脊柱密度保持不变。结论:MCT似乎可以减轻应激诱导的抑郁样行为,可能是通过抑制海马中的IL-1β。由于易于口服,MCT可能为压力相关抑郁症提供实用的治疗方法。
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来源期刊
Yonago acta medica
Yonago acta medica MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL-
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
36
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Yonago Acta Medica (YAM) is an electronic journal specializing in medical sciences, published by Tottori University Medical Press, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan. The subject areas cover the following: molecular/cell biology; biochemistry; basic medicine; clinical medicine; veterinary medicine; clinical nutrition and food sciences; medical engineering; nursing sciences; laboratory medicine; clinical psychology; medical education. Basically, contributors are limited to members of Tottori University and Tottori University Hospital. Researchers outside the above-mentioned university community may also submit papers on the recommendation of a professor, an associate professor, or a junior associate professor at this university community. Articles are classified into four categories: review articles, original articles, patient reports, and short communications.
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