Angiographic Anatomy of the Left Coronary Veins: Beyond Conventional Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy.

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Current Cardiology Reports Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI:10.1007/s11886-025-02204-z

Iulia-Georgiana Zehan, Csilla-Andrea Eötvös, Mădălina Patricia Moldovan, Mihai-Gabriel Andrei, Călina-Patricia Șchiop-Țentea, Roxana Daiana Lazar, Adriana Daniela Sârb, Giorgia Coșeriu, Teodora Avram, Adela Șerban, Gabriel Gușetu, Larisa Diana Mocan-Hognogi, Roxana Chiorescu, Sorin Pop, Edwin Kevin Heist, Dan Blendea

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Abstract

Purpose of review: This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the angiographic anatomy of the coronary sinus and its tributaries veins, with focus on venous branches other than classical ones used in cardiac resynchronization therapy. It also presents common anatomical aspects that could impact the clinical outcome.

Recent findings: Recent advancements in the electrophysiology field, like epicardial arrhythmia mapping and ablation through coronary sinus or cardiac pacing from atypical veins requires a detailed angiographic assessment of cardiac veins. There is an increased interest for the veins coursing in the left ventricular summit (LVS) area and could potentially provide a pathway to reach the LVS arrhythmogenic foci. However, there is no consensus regarding the nomenclature and classification of these veins. This review could offer a better understanding of the coronary sinus and its tributary veins distribution, dimensions and relationship with nearby structures that could help the development of new ablation and pacing tools and strategies, with higher success rates.

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来源期刊

Current Cardiology Reports CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS-

CiteScore

6.20

自引率

2.70%

发文量

209

期刊介绍： The aim of this journal is to provide timely perspectives from experts on current advances in cardiovascular medicine. We also seek to provide reviews that highlight the most important recently published papers selected from the wealth of available cardiovascular literature. We accomplish this aim by appointing key authorities in major subject areas across the discipline. Section editors select topics to be reviewed by leading experts who emphasize recent developments and highlight important papers published over the past year. An Editorial Board of internationally diverse members suggests topics of special interest to their country/region and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field.