Angiographic Anatomy of the Left Coronary Veins: Beyond Conventional Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy.

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Current Cardiology Reports Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI:10.1007/s11886-025-02204-z

Iulia-Georgiana Zehan, Csilla-Andrea Eötvös, Mădălina Patricia Moldovan, Mihai-Gabriel Andrei, Călina-Patricia Șchiop-Țentea, Roxana Daiana Lazar, Adriana Daniela Sârb, Giorgia Coșeriu, Teodora Avram, Adela Șerban, Gabriel Gușetu, Larisa Diana Mocan-Hognogi, Roxana Chiorescu, Sorin Pop, Edwin Kevin Heist, Dan Blendea

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Abstract

Purpose of review: This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the angiographic anatomy of the coronary sinus and its tributaries veins, with focus on venous branches other than classical ones used in cardiac resynchronization therapy. It also presents common anatomical aspects that could impact the clinical outcome.

Recent findings: Recent advancements in the electrophysiology field, like epicardial arrhythmia mapping and ablation through coronary sinus or cardiac pacing from atypical veins requires a detailed angiographic assessment of cardiac veins. There is an increased interest for the veins coursing in the left ventricular summit (LVS) area and could potentially provide a pathway to reach the LVS arrhythmogenic foci. However, there is no consensus regarding the nomenclature and classification of these veins. This review could offer a better understanding of the coronary sinus and its tributary veins distribution, dimensions and relationship with nearby structures that could help the development of new ablation and pacing tools and strategies, with higher success rates.

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左冠状静脉血管造影解剖：超越传统的心脏再同步化治疗。

综述目的：本文旨在综合目前冠状动脉窦及其支静脉的血管造影解剖知识，重点介绍心脏再同步化治疗中常用的静脉分支以外的静脉分支。它还提出了可能影响临床结果的常见解剖学方面。最近发现：电生理学领域的最新进展，如心外膜心律失常的定位和通过冠状窦消融或非典型静脉的心脏起搏，需要对心脏静脉进行详细的血管造影评估。在左心室峰顶（LVS）区域的静脉流动的兴趣增加，并可能提供到达LVS致心律失常灶的潜在途径。然而，关于这些脉的命名和分类尚无共识。本综述可以更好地了解冠状窦及其分支静脉的分布、尺寸及其与附近结构的关系，有助于开发新的消融和起搏工具和策略，提高成功率。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Cardiology Reports CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS-

CiteScore

6.20

自引率

2.70%

发文量

209

期刊介绍： The aim of this journal is to provide timely perspectives from experts on current advances in cardiovascular medicine. We also seek to provide reviews that highlight the most important recently published papers selected from the wealth of available cardiovascular literature. We accomplish this aim by appointing key authorities in major subject areas across the discipline. Section editors select topics to be reviewed by leading experts who emphasize recent developments and highlight important papers published over the past year. An Editorial Board of internationally diverse members suggests topics of special interest to their country/region and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field.