Management of nocturnal enuresis in children.

Abstract

Introduction: Nocturnal enuresis is defined as involuntary urination during sleep in children, particularly those aged 5 years or older. Treatment approaches include both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods, with choices depending on the type and severity of nocturnal enuresis, as well as family dynamics. This review evaluates current knowledge on nocturnal enuresis treatment in children.

Evidence acquisition: A systematic review of studies published from 2000 to 2024 was conducted, assessing both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.

Evidence synthesis: Nocturnal enuresis in children has been treated with various pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Non-pharmacological therapies for nocturnal enuresis offer effective, low-risk options for managing this common pediatric condition, particularly when used in combination. Enuresis alarm therapy, considered the first-line treatment, has demonstrated success rates between 50% and 70%. On the other hand, bladder training, pelvic floor retraining and dietary modification play a supportive role in nocturnal enuresis management. Pharmacological interventions mainly include desmopressin and anticholinergics. Combination therapies, particularly desmopressin and anticholinergics, have demonstrated superior efficacy and faster results compared to monotherapy.

Conclusions: A variety of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments have been developed to manage nocturnal enuresis and improve the quality of life for affected children. The primary goal for healthcare providers is to tailor a treatment plan to each child, taking into consideration the individual needs of the child and their family.