T-helper cell phenotypes are repeatable, positively correlated, and associated with helminth infection in wild Soay sheep.

Discovery immunology Pub Date : 2025-02-08 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1093/discim/kyae017
Yolanda Corripio-Miyar, Adam D Hayward, Hannah Lemon, Xavier Bal, Cameron Cunnea, Fiona Kenyon, Jill G Pilkington, Josephine M Pemberton, Daniel H Nussey, Tom N McNeilly
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Abstract

Background: T-helper (Th) cells co-ordinate immune responses to ensure that infections with diverse parasites are controlled effectively. Helminth parasites such as gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are generally associated with T-helper type 2 (Th2) responses, while intracellular parasites are associated with Th1 responses. Although laboratory models have reported that Th1 and Th2 can be antagonistic, this has been challenged by studies of natural infections.

Methods: Between 2019 and 2022 we completed 759 captures of 538 wild Soay sheep (1-4 captures per animal) and monitored body weight, parasite egg counts, Th phenotypes, cytokines, and GIN-specific antibodies.

Results: While different Th cell counts, cytokines and antibody isotypes were generally positively correlated with each other, no strong positive associations were observed between these measurements. Cell counts had low repeatability (among-individual variation) across 4 years, while antibody levels were highly repeatable. The Th1 and Th2 cytokines Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and Interleukin-4 (IL-4) were moderately repeatable and were positively correlated at both the between- and within-individual levels independent of body condition or parasite exposure. IL-4 was negatively associated with GIN faecal egg count, while IFN-γ was negatively associated with coccidian faecal oocyst count, suggesting that these cytokines reflect resistance to these parasites. None of our immune markers were strongly associated with lamb survival.

Conclusions: Our results provide insights into how different aspects of immune function interact to produce effective responses to complex infections but suggest longer-term data collection is required to address the causes of these interactions and to detect fitness consequences of variation in T cell phenotypes under natural conditions.

t辅助细胞表型是可重复的,正相关的,并且与野生Soay羊的蠕虫感染相关。
背景:辅助性t细胞协调免疫反应,确保各种寄生虫感染得到有效控制。寄生虫如胃肠道线虫(GIN)通常与辅助性t型2 (Th2)反应相关,而细胞内寄生虫则与Th1反应相关。虽然实验室模型已经报道了Th1和Th2可以是拮抗的,但这已经受到自然感染研究的挑战。方法:在2019年至2022年期间,我们完成了538只野生Soay羊的759次捕获(每只1-4次捕获),并监测体重、寄生虫卵计数、Th表型、细胞因子和gin特异性抗体。结果:虽然不同的Th细胞计数、细胞因子和抗体同型之间普遍呈正相关,但这些测量结果之间没有很强的正相关。细胞计数在4年内具有较低的可重复性(个体差异),而抗体水平具有高度可重复性。Th1和Th2细胞因子干扰素-γ (IFN-γ)和白细胞介素-4 (IL-4)具有中度可重复性,并且在个体间和个体内水平上均呈正相关,与身体状况或寄生虫暴露无关。IL-4与GIN粪卵计数呈负相关,IFN-γ与球虫粪卵计数呈负相关,提示这些细胞因子反映了对这些寄生虫的抗性。我们的免疫标记与羔羊的存活没有强烈的联系。结论:我们的研究结果为了解免疫功能的不同方面如何相互作用以产生对复杂感染的有效反应提供了见解,但建议需要长期的数据收集来解决这些相互作用的原因,并检测自然条件下T细胞表型变异的适应性后果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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