Review of the anatomical basis for predicting plutonium alpha particle radiation induced osteogenic cancers.

4区 医学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Anatomical Record Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI:10.1002/ar.25641
Scott C Miller
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Abstract

Plutonium was discovered and first synthesized in the early 1940's. Several isotopes of plutonium are used in nuclear technologies, 238Pu for heat generation and 239Pu for energy production and weapons. Both isotopes emit alpha particles, which pose a significant radiation hazard when incorporated into the body. Alpha particles emitted during 239Pu decay deposit energy along a very short path in biological tissues (≈45 μm in soft tissues). Thus, defining the anatomical locations of these deposits is essential to identify the cells at risk of radiation damage and potential malignant transformation. Bone is a primary site for plutonium deposition and retention. Plutonium exposures are associated with increases in osteogenic cancers. Plutonium is preferentially deposited on endosteal and endocortical bone surfaces, particularly those surrounded by red versus yellow bone marrow. Red marrow is more vascularized with a sinusoid network, while yellow marrow is largely a closed capillary system. Cancellous bone in red marrow sites has greater bone turnover rates and relatively more plutonium-related bone cancers than in yellow marrow sites. The relationships of plutonium deposits in bone and potential alpha particle exposures to cells that include osteoclasts, reversal cells, canopy cells, osteoblasts, bone lining cells, and osteogenic progenitors of the basic multicellular unit during bone modeling and remodeling are reviewed. Differences in distributions of 239Pu versus naturally occurring tumors in humans and experimental animals are noted. This review emphasizes the importance of the anatomical locations of plutonium deposition and retention in the skeleton and the potential relative radiation risks from alpha particles to bone cells and their progenitors.

预测钚α粒子辐射诱发的成骨癌的解剖学基础综述。
钚是在20世纪40年代初发现并首次合成的。钚的几种同位素用于核技术,238Pu用于供热,239Pu用于能源生产和武器。这两种同位素都会释放α粒子,一旦进入人体,就会造成严重的辐射危害。239Pu衰变过程中发射的α粒子沿极短的路径在生物组织中沉积能量(在软组织中≈45 μm)。因此,确定这些沉积物的解剖位置对于识别有辐射损伤和潜在恶性转化风险的细胞至关重要。骨是钚沉积和滞留的主要部位。钚暴露与成骨性癌症的增加有关。钚优先沉积在骨内和皮质内表面,特别是那些被红色或黄色骨髓包围的表面。红骨髓血管化程度较高,呈窦状网络,而黄骨髓主要是一个封闭的毛细血管系统。与黄色骨髓部位相比,红色骨髓部位的松质骨具有更高的骨更新率和相对更多的钚相关骨癌。本文综述了在骨建模和重塑过程中,骨中的钚沉积与细胞中潜在α粒子暴露的关系,包括破骨细胞、逆转细胞、冠层细胞、成骨细胞、骨衬里细胞和基本多细胞单位的成骨祖细胞。注意到239Pu在人和实验动物中与自然发生的肿瘤分布的差异。这篇综述强调了钚在骨骼中沉积和滞留的解剖位置的重要性,以及α粒子对骨细胞及其祖细胞的潜在相对辐射风险。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Anatomical Record
Anatomical Record Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
期刊介绍: The Anatomical Record
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