Advancements and challenges in vanadium extraction processes from vanadium titano-magnetite and its derivatives

IF 11.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Resources Conservation and Recycling Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI:10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108178

Bo Xu , Wenju Jiang , Zhongde Dai , Lu Yao , Lin Yang , Junfeng Zheng

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Abstract

Vanadium is a strategically important metal, playing a critical role in modern industries due to its unique physical and chemical properties. Among the raw materials for vanadium extraction, vanadium titano-magnetite (VTM) commands a dominant position in global production. This review concisely outlines the fundamental information of key vanadium-bearing materials, including VTM, vanadium slag, and vanadium-bearing steel slag (VBSS), and conducts a comprehensive analysis of the extraction processes for vanadium from both thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives. Subsequently, a historical overview of vanadium extraction technologies from VTM, vanadium slag, and VBSS, detailing the evolution of three generations of industrial processes. In addition to focusing on the advancements and challenges associated with conventional methods such as sodium roasting and calcium roasting, the review also delves into the latest developments in emerging technologies including sub-molten salt extraction, acid leaching, alkali leaching, bioleaching process and multi-technology coupled vanadium leaching. This review aims to provide readers with a holistic understanding of current practices, build a systematic understanding of vanadium extraction processes, highlight key areas for future research, and offer valuable insights and guidance to industry stakeholders, with the goal of enhancing vanadium recovery efficiency and promoting environmental sustainability.

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来源期刊

Resources Conservation and Recycling 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

22.90

自引率

6.10%

发文量

625

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： The journal Resources, Conservation & Recycling welcomes contributions from research, which consider sustainable management and conservation of resources. The journal prioritizes understanding the transformation processes crucial for transitioning toward more sustainable production and consumption systems. It highlights technological, economic, institutional, and policy aspects related to specific resource management practices such as conservation, recycling, and resource substitution, as well as broader strategies like improving resource productivity and restructuring production and consumption patterns. Contributions may address regional, national, or international scales and can range from individual resources or technologies to entire sectors or systems. Authors are encouraged to explore scientific and methodological issues alongside practical, environmental, and economic implications. However, manuscripts focusing solely on laboratory experiments without discussing their broader implications will not be considered for publication in the journal.