Acetyltransferase in cardiovascular disease and aging.

The journal of cardiovascular aging Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-31 DOI:10.20517/jca.2024.21
Mariko Aoyagi Keller, Michinari Nakamura
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Acetyltransferases are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of an acetyl group to a substrate, a modification referred to as acetylation. Loss-of-function variants in genes encoding acetyltransferases can lead to congenital disorders, often characterized by intellectual disability and heart and muscle defects. Their activity is influenced by dietary nutrients that alter acetyl coenzyme A levels, a key cofactor. Cardiovascular diseases, including ischemic, hypertensive, and diabetic heart diseases - leading causes of mortality in the elderly - are largely attributed to prolonged lifespan and the growing prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Acetyltransferases thus serve as a crucial link between lifestyle modifications, cardiometabolic disease, and aging through both epigenomic and non-epigenomic mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the roles and relevance of acetyltransferases. While the sirtuin family of deacetylases has been extensively studied in longevity, particularly through fasting-mediated NAD+ metabolism, recent research has brought attention to the essential roles of acetyltransferases in health and aging-related pathways, including cell proliferation, DNA damage response, mitochondrial function, inflammation, and senescence. We begin with an overview of acetyltransferases, classifying them by domain structure, including canonical and non-canonical lysine acetyltransferases, N-terminal acetyltransferases, and sialic acid O-acetyltransferases. We then discuss recent advances in understanding acetyltransferase-related pathologies, particularly focusing on cardiovascular disease and aging, and explore their potential therapeutic applications for promoting health in older individuals.

乙酰转移酶在心血管疾病和衰老中的作用。
乙酰转移酶是催化乙酰基向底物转移的酶,这种修饰称为乙酰化。编码乙酰转移酶的基因的功能丧失变异可导致先天性疾病,通常以智力残疾和心脏和肌肉缺陷为特征。它们的活性受到改变乙酰辅酶A水平的膳食营养素的影响,这是一种关键的辅助因子。心血管疾病,包括缺血性、高血压和糖尿病性心脏病——老年人死亡的主要原因——主要归因于寿命延长和代谢综合征的日益流行。因此,乙酰转移酶通过表观基因组和非表观基因组机制在生活方式改变、心脏代谢疾病和衰老之间起着至关重要的作用。在这篇综述中,我们讨论乙酰转移酶的作用和相关性。虽然去乙酰化酶sirtuin家族在长寿方面已经得到了广泛的研究,特别是通过禁食介导的NAD+代谢,但最近的研究引起了人们对乙酰转移酶在健康和衰老相关途径中的重要作用的关注,包括细胞增殖、DNA损伤反应、线粒体功能、炎症和衰老。我们从乙酰转移酶的概述开始,根据结构域结构对它们进行分类,包括典型和非典型赖氨酸乙酰转移酶、n端乙酰转移酶和唾液酸o乙酰转移酶。然后,我们讨论了乙酰转移酶相关病理的最新进展,特别是心血管疾病和衰老,并探讨了它们在促进老年人健康方面的潜在治疗应用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.40
自引率
0.00%
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