Prevalence of Depression and Sleep Disturbances among Postmenopausal and Perimenopausal Women in Ernakulam District.

Abstract

Background: The hormonal shifts and physiological changes during menopause, including perimenopause and postmenopause, significantly affect women's mental health, often causing depression and sleep disruptions. The objectives of this study are to estimate the prevalence of depression and sleep disturbances among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women and to find the associated risk factors.

Materials and methods: In a community setting, 462 women aged 45-60 years were chosen from 23 clusters using probability proportional to size sampling. Sociodemographic information was collected through standardized surveys, whereas depression levels were measured with Beck's Depression Inventory-II and sleep quality with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 21.

Results: The prevalence of depression among the study participants was 33.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 29%, 37%), whereas poor sleep quality was found in 37% (95% CI: 36%, 39%). Factors such as low socioeconomic status (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] =1.64), recent negative life events (aOR =2.27), lack of social media usage (aOR =2.77), and being unmarried/widowed (aOR =2.1) were identified as independent predictors of depression. Living in urban areas (aOR =1.69), low socioeconomic status (aOR =1.96), and inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables (aOR =0.43) were identified as independent predictors for sleep disturbances.

Conclusions: This study highlights a notable burden of depression and sleep disruptions among menopausal women. Tackling these challenges necessitates accessible mental healthcare, educational workshops on stress management and sleep habits, nutritional guidance, and peer support networks. Incorporating these measures into health initiatives and policies holds promise for mitigating these concerns and enhancing overall well-being.