Investigating the molecular mechanisms of deltamethrin resistance in Musca domestica populations from Saudi Arabia.

IF 3 2区医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY

Parasites & Vectors Pub Date : 2025-02-16 DOI:10.1186/s13071-025-06668-4

Ali A Alzabib, Ali S Al-Sarar, Yasser Abobakr, Amgad A Saleh

{"title":"Investigating the molecular mechanisms of deltamethrin resistance in Musca domestica populations from Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Ali A Alzabib, Ali S Al-Sarar, Yasser Abobakr, Amgad A Saleh","doi":"10.1186/s13071-025-06668-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Background: The house fly, Musca domestica L., is a global insect pest that poses serious health risks by carrying pathogens to humans and animals. Pyrethroid (PYR) insecticides have been widely used to control agricultural pests and disease vectors. Multiple reports have documented house fly resistance to PYR insecticides.Methods: In this study, we assessed the resistance levels of M. domestica populations collected from slaughterhouses in Riyadh, Jeddah, and Taif, Saudi Arabia, against the PYR insecticide deltamethrin (DM). We also examined the genetic mutations in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vssc) and P450 genes of the collected field flies and analyzed the correlation between these detected genetic mutations and the levels of DM resistance.Results: The house fly field populations showed very high levels of resistance to DM, with resistance ratio (RR) values of 625-, 256-, and 107-fold for Jeddah, Taif, and Riyadh, respectively. Three VSSC resistance alleles, kdr (T929 + 1014F), kdr-his (T929 + 1014H), and 1B (929I + 1014F), along with the susceptible allele (T929 + L1014) were identified in the Saudi house fly populations. The super-kdr allele (918 T + 1014F) and type N (D600N + M918T + L1014F) were not detected in Saudi house fly populations. Type 1B was the most dominant VSSC resistance allele, followed by kdr and kdr-his, in both field populations and the surviving flies exposed to DM. The resistance CYP6D1v1 allele of P450 was detected in slaughterhouse house fly populations of Riyadh, Jeddah, and Taif, with frequencies of 71%, 58%, and 60%, respectively. The VSSC resistance alleles exhibited a positive correlation with the resistance levels to DM; conversely, the CYP6D1v1 displayed a negative correlation with DM resistance levels.Conclusions: In general, the Saudi house fly populations exhibited high genetic diversity, with three VSSC resistance alleles identified in slaughterhouse populations. The Vssc mutations appear to be the principal mechanism of DM resistance in Saudi house fly field populations. This study is the first report on the Vssc and CYP6D1 mutations associated with PYR resistance in M. domestica field populations from Saudi Arabia.","PeriodicalId":19793,"journal":{"name":"Parasites & Vectors","volume":"18 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Parasites & Vectors","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-06668-4","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PARASITOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: The house fly, Musca domestica L., is a global insect pest that poses serious health risks by carrying pathogens to humans and animals. Pyrethroid (PYR) insecticides have been widely used to control agricultural pests and disease vectors. Multiple reports have documented house fly resistance to PYR insecticides.

Methods: In this study, we assessed the resistance levels of M. domestica populations collected from slaughterhouses in Riyadh, Jeddah, and Taif, Saudi Arabia, against the PYR insecticide deltamethrin (DM). We also examined the genetic mutations in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vssc) and P450 genes of the collected field flies and analyzed the correlation between these detected genetic mutations and the levels of DM resistance.

Results: The house fly field populations showed very high levels of resistance to DM, with resistance ratio (RR) values of 625-, 256-, and 107-fold for Jeddah, Taif, and Riyadh, respectively. Three VSSC resistance alleles, kdr (T929 + 1014F), kdr-his (T929 + 1014H), and 1B (929I + 1014F), along with the susceptible allele (T929 + L1014) were identified in the Saudi house fly populations. The super-kdr allele (918 T + 1014F) and type N (D600N + M918T + L1014F) were not detected in Saudi house fly populations. Type 1B was the most dominant VSSC resistance allele, followed by kdr and kdr-his, in both field populations and the surviving flies exposed to DM. The resistance CYP6D1v1 allele of P450 was detected in slaughterhouse house fly populations of Riyadh, Jeddah, and Taif, with frequencies of 71%, 58%, and 60%, respectively. The VSSC resistance alleles exhibited a positive correlation with the resistance levels to DM; conversely, the CYP6D1v1 displayed a negative correlation with DM resistance levels.

Conclusions: In general, the Saudi house fly populations exhibited high genetic diversity, with three VSSC resistance alleles identified in slaughterhouse populations. The Vssc mutations appear to be the principal mechanism of DM resistance in Saudi house fly field populations. This study is the first report on the Vssc and CYP6D1 mutations associated with PYR resistance in M. domestica field populations from Saudi Arabia.

查看原文本刊更多论文

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Parasites & Vectors 医学-寄生虫学

CiteScore

6.30

自引率

9.40%

发文量

433

审稿时长

1.4 months

期刊介绍： Parasites & Vectors is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal dealing with the biology of parasites, parasitic diseases, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens. Manuscripts published in this journal will be available to all worldwide, with no barriers to access, immediately following acceptance. However, authors retain the copyright of their material and may use it, or distribute it, as they wish. Manuscripts on all aspects of the basic and applied biology of parasites, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens will be considered. In addition to the traditional and well-established areas of science in these fields, we also aim to provide a vehicle for publication of the rapidly developing resources and technology in parasite, intermediate host and vector genomics and their impacts on biological research. We are able to publish large datasets and extensive results, frequently associated with genomic and post-genomic technologies, which are not readily accommodated in traditional journals. Manuscripts addressing broader issues, for example economics, social sciences and global climate change in relation to parasites, vectors and disease control, are also welcomed.