{"title":"Short-term effects of air pollution on the infectious disease spectrum in Shanghai, China: a time-series analysis from 2013 to 2019.","authors":"Yihan Lin, Hao Meng, Yong He, Wenzhuo Liang, Yiran Niu, Zhenliang Liu, Ziying Wang, Yangyang Tian, Shiyang Chang","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1454809","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epidemiological evidence on the effects of air pollution on infectious diseases remains inconsistent, highlighting the need for further research and analysis. We aimed to investigate the relationship between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) and the risk of national notifiable infectious diseases in Shanghai, a megacity in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A double-pollutant model was used for each air pollutant, utilizing time-series analysis to separately apply single and distributed lag models (DLMs) to assess the exposure-lag-response relationship for 43 national notifiable infectious diseases (NNIDs) from 2013 to 2019. The model was adjusted for seasonality, long-term trends, mean temperature, relative humidity, and other air pollutants. Analysis was further conducted for seven NNID categories (vaccine-preventable; bacterial; gastrointestinal and enterovirus; sexually transmitted and bloodborne; vector-borne; zoonotic; and quarantinable diseases) as well as specific diseases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 661,267 NNID cases and found that PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> exposures were associated with increased NNID risks, although not within the same categories. A 10 μg/m<sup>3</sup> increase in O<sub>3</sub> was associated with a higher risk of total NNIDs (relative risk [RR] at lag 1 month: 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.65), vaccine-preventable diseases (RR at lag 1 month: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.02-3.01), and sexually transmitted and bloodborne diseases (RR at lag 2 month: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.00-1.26). However, the association with PM<sub>2.5</sub> remained inconclusive.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest a potential link between ambient air pollution exposure and the risk of infectious diseases, highlighting the urgent need for a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between air pollution and notifiable infectious diseases, as well as an in-depth evaluation of disparities across the disease spectrum.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1454809"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11825447/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Public Health","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1454809","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Epidemiological evidence on the effects of air pollution on infectious diseases remains inconsistent, highlighting the need for further research and analysis. We aimed to investigate the relationship between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) and the risk of national notifiable infectious diseases in Shanghai, a megacity in China.
Methods: A double-pollutant model was used for each air pollutant, utilizing time-series analysis to separately apply single and distributed lag models (DLMs) to assess the exposure-lag-response relationship for 43 national notifiable infectious diseases (NNIDs) from 2013 to 2019. The model was adjusted for seasonality, long-term trends, mean temperature, relative humidity, and other air pollutants. Analysis was further conducted for seven NNID categories (vaccine-preventable; bacterial; gastrointestinal and enterovirus; sexually transmitted and bloodborne; vector-borne; zoonotic; and quarantinable diseases) as well as specific diseases.
Results: The study included 661,267 NNID cases and found that PM2.5 and O3 exposures were associated with increased NNID risks, although not within the same categories. A 10 μg/m3 increase in O3 was associated with a higher risk of total NNIDs (relative risk [RR] at lag 1 month: 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.65), vaccine-preventable diseases (RR at lag 1 month: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.02-3.01), and sexually transmitted and bloodborne diseases (RR at lag 2 month: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.00-1.26). However, the association with PM2.5 remained inconclusive.
Conclusion: These findings suggest a potential link between ambient air pollution exposure and the risk of infectious diseases, highlighting the urgent need for a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between air pollution and notifiable infectious diseases, as well as an in-depth evaluation of disparities across the disease spectrum.
期刊介绍：
Frontiers in Public Health is a multidisciplinary open-access journal which publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research and is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, clinicians, policy makers and the public worldwide. The journal aims at overcoming current fragmentation in research and publication, promoting consistency in pursuing relevant scientific themes, and supporting finding dissemination and translation into practice.
Frontiers in Public Health is organized into Specialty Sections that cover different areas of research in the field. Please refer to the author guidelines for details on article types and the submission process.
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