Developmental Plasticity and the Evolutionary Rescue of a Colonizing Mite

IF 2.6 3区 生物学 Q2 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Kathryn A. Stewart, Isabel M. Smallegange
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Abstract

Plasticity, especially in small newly founded populations, can expose genetic variation to selection during the evolutionary rescue of populations, allowing individuals to achieve a phenotype with which they can survive. However, developmental plasticity can also enable organisms to accommodate perturbations, generating new phenotypic variation. We explored whether, at the start of a colonization event, phenotype dynamics follow a “selective” process in which plasticity fuels evolutionary rescue or whether they are due to developmental plasticity in a “generative” process. We investigated this using the bulb mite Rhizoglyphus robini, which expresses a facultative, juvenile dispersal phenotype (deutonymph) under unfavorable conditions and shows alternative adult male phenotypes: competitive fighters or benign scramblers that are expressed to mitigate food stress and which have higher levels of genetic heterozygosity than fighters. Mimicking colonization dynamics, we founded small, medium and large populations from deutonymphs on low or high food to test if scramblers were expressed earliest postcolonization within (i) the smallest founder populations to alleviate inbreeding (selective hypothesis), or (ii) the largest founder populations as a direct consequence of food stress is highest due to higher food competition (generative hypothesis). In line with the generative hypothesis under both food environments, scramblers were expressed at the earliest in the largest founder populations, which also tended to show the lowest growth at the start of the experiment and had the lowest ultimate population size. Our findings highlight the necessity to seek explanations of how developmental pathways likely influence evolutionary rescue patterns, starting with how resource limitation (stress) shapes adaptive responses during colonization.

Abstract Image

蚁群螨的发育可塑性和进化拯救
可塑性,特别是在新建立的小种群中,可以在种群的进化拯救过程中使遗传变异暴露于选择,使个体获得能够生存的表型。然而,发育可塑性也可以使生物体适应扰动,产生新的表型变异。我们探讨了在定植事件开始时,表型动力学是否遵循可塑性促进进化拯救的“选择”过程,或者它们是否由于“生成”过程中的发育可塑性。我们用球茎螨(Rhizoglyphus robini)研究了这一点,该球茎螨在不利条件下表现为兼性的幼年分散表型(deutonymph),并表现出可选择的成年雄性表型:竞争性战斗者或良性争夺者,其表达以减轻食物压力,并且具有比战斗者更高水平的遗传杂合性。为了模拟定植动态,我们在低食物或高食物上建立了小、中、大的双卫草种群,以测试在(i)最小的创始种群中,为了减轻近亲繁殖(选择性假说),或者(ii)由于食物压力的直接后果,最大的创始种群由于更高的食物竞争而最高(生殖假说),是否在最早的定植后表达了争夺基因。根据两种食物环境下的生成假说,在最大的创始种群中,抢占者最早表达,也往往在实验开始时表现出最低的生长,最终种群规模最小。我们的研究结果强调了寻找发育途径如何可能影响进化救援模式的解释的必要性,从资源限制(压力)如何在殖民化期间形成适应性反应开始。
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来源期刊
Evolution & Development
Evolution & Development 生物-发育生物学
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
3.40%
发文量
26
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Evolution & Development serves as a voice for the rapidly growing research community at the interface of evolutionary and developmental biology. The exciting re-integration of these two fields, after almost a century''s separation, holds much promise as the focus of a broader synthesis of biological thought. Evolution & Development publishes works that address the evolution/development interface from a diversity of angles. The journal welcomes papers from paleontologists, population biologists, developmental biologists, and molecular biologists, but also encourages submissions from professionals in other fields where relevant research is being carried out, from mathematics to the history and philosophy of science.
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